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Energy Use in the United States

Energy Use in the United States. What percentage of the World’s population lives in the United States? 5%. How many passenger vehicles are there in the United States? ~211 million. What percentage of the world’s oil reserves does the U.S. have? 2%.

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Energy Use in the United States

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  1. Energy Use in the United States

  2. What percentage of the World’s population lives in the United States? • 5%

  3. How many passenger vehicles are there in the United States? • ~211 million

  4. What percentage of the world’s oil reserves does the U.S. have? • 2%

  5. What percentage of U.S. petroleum consumption is supplied by imports? • 60%

  6. If all production and imports stopped, how long would the United States petroleum stocks last? • ~82 days

  7. What percentage of the world’s supply of natural gas does the United States have? • 3% • What percentage of the world’s coal supply does the United States have? • 27%

  8. How long would the United States coal reserves last if we continued to use it at the same rate? • ~242 years

  9. Energy Resources Chapter 4

  10. Resources • Renewable • Can be replenished overly a fairly short period of time Nonrenewable take millions of years to form and accumulate

  11. Fossil Fuels Any hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. 90% of energy used in USA comes from fossil fuels !!!!!!

  12. What is Coal? • Made from decayed plant material from millions of years ago (usually in swamps) • Transformed by weathering, erosion, and heat pressure • Main resource power plants use to produce electricity

  13. Fossil Fuels: Coal • NONRENEWABLE • Located underground • Burned to make electricity • U.S. has largest coal reserves in world • Produces half the electricity in the U.S.

  14. Coal Issues : Mining • Destroys land surface

  15. Coal Issues: Air Pollution • Leads to acid rain

  16. Petroleum (Oil) -NONRENEWABLE • Formed from remains of tiny sea plants and animals – LIQUID • Found underground • Refined into different fuels which are burned to produce heat • Majority used for transportation

  17. Oil Trap • A layer of impermeable rock causes the oil/gas to become trapped … we tap into these reserves

  18. Petroleum Issues • Burning can cause air pollution and carbon dioxide • Drilling and transporting can damage land and water if leaks and spills

  19. Important Petroleum Facts • U.S. uses more petroleum than any other energy source • We do not produce enough to meet our needs • We import 2/3 of the petro that we use from foreign countries • Middle East has the majority of the world’s reserves

  20. Fossil Fuels: Natural GasNONRENEWABLE

  21. Natural Gas • Found in underground rock formations • Burn to produce heat • Used in industry, homes/businesses, and power plants to produce products, heating, and electricity

  22. Natural Gas Issues • Clean burning fossil fuel • Does produce some air pollution and carbon dioxide • Interesting fact: an odorant that smells like rotten eggs is added to natural gas so leaks can be detected

  23. Possible oil substitute? • TAR SANDS OIL SHALE

  24. Tar Sands • Mixtures of clay and sand combined with water and varying amounts of bitumen, a heavy black viscous oil. • Tar sands can be mined and processed to extract the oil-rich bitumen, which is then refined into oil.

  25. Tar Sand Drawbacks • Causes significant land disturbances • Requires large amounts of water to process • Large amounts of contaminated water and sediment accumulate in toxic disposal ponds • Accounts for 15% of Canada’s oil production

  26. Oil Shale • Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing petroleum-like solids • ½ of worlds supply is in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming • Unprofitable to mine and not as efficient as crude oil

  27. Mineral Resources • Deposits of useful minerals that can be extracted • Mineral reserves - deposits from which minerals can be extracted profitably • Ore – useful metallic mineral that can be mined for a profit

  28. Mineral Deposits • Must be profitable to extract • Large deposits known but unprofitable to extract them • Deposits are associated with the Rock Cycle

  29. Mineral Deposits • Most important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and from hydrothermal solutions.

  30. Igneous Processes • Form most metallic mineral deposits by settling at the bottom of the magma chamber as it cools • Gold • Silver • Copper • Lead • Mercury • Platinum • nickel

  31. Mineral Deposit: Hydrothermal Solutions

  32. Hydrothermal Solutions • Form from hot, metal-rich fluids that are left during the late stages of movement and cooling of magma – ex. Gold, silver, mercury

  33. Secondary Mineral Deposition • Placer Deposits • Eroded minerals are moved by water and settle on the inside, cracks and depressions of streams

  34. Nonmetallic Resources • Extracted and processed for either the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and chemical properties • Examples: • Fertilizers • Limestone • Sand, gravel, etc..

  35. Extraction of Resources:Mining

  36. What is mining? • Mining is extracting ore or minerals from the ground • An ore is a natural material with a high concentration of economically valuable minerals that can be mined for a profit

  37. Types of Mines • There are two main types of mines. 1) Surface Mining 2) Subsurface Mining

  38. Surface Mining • Mineral deposits are on or near the surface of the Earth and are removed. • There are 3 types of surface mines: • Open-pit: removes large, near surface deposits of minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward in layers • Quarries: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel • Strip Mining: removing surface coal in strips up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long

  39. Chimney Rock, Bridgewater, NJ Bridgewater Sports Arena

  40. Rt 78 near Watchung Reservation

  41. Bernardsville Quarry, NJ‎ Images from Google Maps

  42. Subsurface Mining • Minerals are located too deep for surface mining • Shafts and passageways are dug into the ground to reach the ores.

  43. Subsurface Mining http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/minmethd.gif

  44. Reclamation • Mining can destroy or disturb habitats • Waste products can pollute water systems • When a mine is no longer being used, the land should be returned to its original state or better = Reclamation • Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975

  45. Reclamation Mine Albert, Quebec, before and after reclamation. Government of Quebec http://www.abandoned-mines.org/home-e.htm

  46. Why do we need mines?

  47. Why do we need mines? • Houses • Cars • Toothpaste • Plumbing • Wiring • Planes • Electronics • Jewelry • Glass If we can’t grow it, it has to be mined!

  48. Alternative Energy Sources • World’s population is increasing and our need for resources is increasing as well • Most resources we use are nonrenewable so we need to develop alternative energy sources

  49. Solar Energy • Uses sun’s rays to supply heat or electricity • Fuel is free and non-polluting

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