Challanges and perspectives in Earth Observation

1. Challanges and perspectives in EarthObservation Vincenzo Cuomo Università degli Studi della Basilicata Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

2. The new challanges in Earth Observation Improvements in the decade 2000-2010 • Observations from space • Sensing capacity (e.g. EOS, METOP, MSG; ENVISAT; SMOS; TerraSar, RadarSat, Cosmo SkyMed, ALOS; IKONOS, Quickbird, EROS, Rapid Eye, SPOT; JASON; CALIPSO; GRACE, GOCE) • Time resolution increase • Ground based observations • Technology setting up (SAR techniques, Laser scanning, Web sensors and web services) and improvements of current technologies • Diffusion and consolidation of networking at international level (FPVI, FPVII Capacities) • Airborne observations • Technology setting up and improvements (e.g. SAR, Laser scanning, new generation Hyperspectrals, Integrated platforms) Matera, 8 June, 2012

3. The new challanges in Earth Observation Improvements in the decade 2000-2010 • ICT development • Architectures, middleware, standards (e.g. Data interoperability, web sensors and web services, Grid techniques, Self-adaptative networks, cloud) • The added value of integration • IGOS approach became operational • In most of the cases the exploitation of information contained in the data is based on the identification of integration chains tailored on the studied problem • Actually these integration chains have been mostly developed in research projects and are going to enter into operational chains Matera, 8 June, 2012

4. The new challanges in Earth Observation • It is possible to observe processes that up to now were beyond our observing capability; • Development of RT and NRT applications; • Integration based on the management of large data fluxes • The web opens new frontiers Matera, 8 June, 2012

5. The new challanges in Earth Observation The expected developments for the next decade • Observations from space • Missions going to be launched and new scheduled missions (e.g. Sentinels, Galileo, ADM, Earthcare, MTG, Post-EPS, NPOESS, GPM, SAOCOM, Aquarius/SAC-D, Pleiades, Hyperspectral missions) • Low cost satellites and constellations • Transition to geostationary platforms of technologies now operating on polar platforms • Extension of spectral range (e.g. FTIR, MW) • Ground based observations • Consolidation of networks and extension at planetary scale • Airborne observations • Drones and unmanned • ICT (cloud of sensors, model web) • The full operational integration (EO + Satnav + SatCom+ ICT) Matera, 8 June, 2012

6. The new challanges in Earth Observation We are developing a tool box that allows to develop applications tailored on user needs. Flexibility of the approach Sharing of costs Importance of European networking Importance of observational infrastructures Matera, 8 June, 2012

7. The impact on Applications The applications market Safety and security: landslides, floods, earthquakes, fires, damage assessment, crisis management, early warning, oil spills, monitoring of critical infrastructures, homeland security, maritime surveillance , etc.; Cultural Heritage: Discovery of buried bodies, rescue archaeology, monitoring of historical city centers, monitoring of cultural heritage, etc; Monitoring of the environment: Air quality, inland and sea waters quality, soil quality and monitoring of contaminated sites, oil spills, subsidence, transport of pollutants, monitoring of natural parks, monitoring of critical areas, salinization, land cover and land monitoring, etc.; Agriculture and forestry: food security, crop monitoring (prevention of humanitarian crises, market volatility and prices of agricultural resources), state of forests, EU Common Agriculture Policy, etc; Matera, 8 June, 2012

8. The Impact on Applications The application market Oceanography: Productivity of the sea and fisheries issues, marine circulation, prediction of extreme events, sea pollution, management of coastal systems, etc; Atmosphere: Meteorology, clouds and precipitation, atmospheric chemistry, prediction of extreme events Monitoring of urban areas; Management of water resources; Climate change: Essential Climate Variables and modeling of climate change, assessment of trends, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, droughts, desertification, sources and sinks of CO2, reporting for Kyoto Protocol and post-Kyoto agreements, etc.; Energy: Sunshine maps, wind maps, biomass monitoring, monitoring of energy infrastructures (pipelines, etc.); Insurances:Damage assessment for insurance claims, risk maps, etc.; Transport Etc. Matera, 8 June, 2012

9. The Italian Perspective Italian Technological platform on Space Matera, 8 June, 2012

10. Taxonomies of SPIN-IT DA1 DA2 DA3 DA4 Earth Observation Systems Navigation Systems Telecommunication Systems Space Transportation Systems, Launch Systems DA5 DA6 DA7 Human exploration Integrated Applications and Services Universe and planetary observation, robotics Space Station, Mannedsystems Security TA1 TA2 Electronics Integrated sensors, cryogeny Thermomechanics Materials Structures Mechanics Photonics Optics TA3 TA4 ICT Technologies for space transportation Signal and Data Processing Courtesy of Emanuele Rizzo - Spin-it Secretariat Matera, 8 June, 2012

11. The European Perspective Horizon 2020 ExcellentScience: EuropeanResearchCouncil; Future and EmergingTechnologies; Marie Curie Actions; EuropeanResearchInfrastructures. IndustialLeadership: Enablingtechnologies: ICT, Nanotechnologies, Advancedmaterials, Biotechnology, Advancedmanifacturing and processing, Space; Access toriskfinance; Innovation in SMEs. SocietalChallanges: Health, demographicchange and wellbeing; Food security, sustainable agricolture marine and maritimeresearch and bio-economy; Secure, clean and efficientenergy; Smart, green and integrated transport; Climateaction, resourceefficiency and rawmaterials; Inclusive, innovative and sicure societes. Matera, 8 June, 2012

12. The EuropeanPerspective GMES is a flagship European Initiative The research - enterprises - end users chain Services In-situ systems Space systems GMES Data Integration & Information Management GMES is a program of EU and ESA Matera, 8 June, 2012

13. The EuropeanPerspective GMES is the pivot of the EuropeanObservingCapability Itisnecessarythat GMES isincludedinto the Multi-annualFinancial Framework Matera, 8 June, 2012

14. The EuropeanPerspective The promotion of networking is a priority in order to: Develop new applications; Deliver better services at lower cost; Diffuse best practices. Regions and Clusters play a key role in the promotion of networking. Matera, 8 June, 2012

15. The EuropeanPerspective Proposal NEREUS should promote that space clusters existing in NEREUS Regions federate into a cluster of clusters This is a way to win the actual challenges This is a way to promote smart specialization This is a way to contribute to the success of HORIZON 2020 Matera, 8 June, 2012

16. The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale: the GALION project The Eyjafjölleruption Picture courtesy: Magnús Tumi Guðmundsson 2006-2009 sismicactivity in the area 20 March 2010 –a first eruption started 14 April 2010 – explosiveeruptionwithashinjection in the troposphere 14 April – 23 May eruptiveactivitycontinues 24 May 2010 volcaniceruptionisover Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

17. EARLINET-ASOS The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale European Aerosol Research Lidar Network • since 2000 • 27 lidar stations • -10 multiwavelength Raman lidar stations • backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) + extinction (355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio (532 nm) • 10 Raman lidar stations • 7 single backscatter lidar stations • comprehensive, quantitative, and statistically significant data base • Continental and long-term scale www.earlinet.org For more info about EARLINET please contact GelsominaPappalardopappalardo@imaa.cnr.it Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

18. The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network First tool for 4D aerosol measurements on continental scale • Quality assurance program • Instruments • Data analysis • Predefined measurement schedule (3 per week) → unbiased • Coordinated network observations for special events (e.g., Saharan dust, forest fires, photochemical smog, diurnal circle, volcanic aerosols) • Standardized data format • Access to data via centralized data base Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

19. The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale MODIS/Terra (AOD) 17 April 2010 CALIPSO Paris EARLINET Station Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

20. 21 April 2010, Athens, Greece 16-17 April 2010, Paris, France 18 April 2010, Leipzig, Germany 20 April 2010, Potenza, Italy The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale Examplesof EARLINET observationsof the volcaniclayer (15-23 April 2010) Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

21. ALINE, Latin America AD-Net, East Asia     CIS-LINET, Commonwealth ofIndependentStates    EARLINET, Europe    NDACC, Global Stratosphere    REALM, Eastern North America     MPLNET, Global, Micropulse Lidar The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale: the GALION project EARLINET from continental to global coverage GALION GALION – the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network GALION isorganizedas a Network ofNetworks, coordinating www.wmo.int/gaw/galion Contact pappalardo@imaa.cnr.it Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

22. The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale: the GAW project GALION in GAWSIS GALION stationsareidentifiedanddiscoverable in GAWSIS Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

23. CAPMon Operational & comprehensive Operational, incomplete No direct link at present The added value of integration;The networking at the global scale: the GALION project GAWSIS – Metadata Integration for WIS WDCPC AERONET Matera, 8 June, 2012 Courtesy of G. Pappalardo et al.

24. Thank you for your attention! Any Questions? Matera, 8 June, 2012