San Francisco Zero Waste Policies & Programs

1. San Francisco Zero Waste Policies & Programs Jack MacyDepartment of the Environment City and County of San Francisco

2. San Francisco Statistics • Political Drivers and Structure • CA requires 50% LF diversion by 2000 with fines, CA Global Warming Act mandates commercial recycling and other protocols for measuring the carbon value of diverting organics from landfill for digesting or composing, such as using compost to reduced carbon use and emissions from landfill • City & County with Committed Mayor and Board of Supervisor use streamlined decision making to be seem as green policy leaders • Demographics • 850,000 population, 1.3 million day time in 127 sq km, 9842/km2 • Multilingual population - 50% don’t speak English at home • Collection & Facility Service Infrastructure • Private companies for 80 years, now “Recology - Waste Zero”, exclusive permitted collectors (for trash, compostables and most recyclables, not most of C&D) as well as processing SF recyclables and compostables • Variable service rates (PAYT) through city rate review approval process funds collection and processing • In-city recycling processing, regional composting and regional landfill via city transfer station

3. Generator Incentive: Pay As You Throw Functions Like a Utility Customers: • Pay for Waste… like a Utility... electricity, water or gas… • Residents pay only for trash to landfill • Commercial rates use the business’ diversion % as the discount on the volume-based waste bill, i.e. one black, one blue, one green = 66% discount

4. San Francisco Zero Waste Policies • 75% Landfill Diversion by 2010 (Achieved 72% diversion for 2007 for ~2 millions total generation) • Zero Waste to landfill or incineration by 2020 • Promote Highest and Best Use of Materials • Require Consumer & Producer Responsibility (EPR) • Achieve UN Urban Environmental Accords (>100 Mayors have signed Accords that include agreeing to set ZW Goal and to reduce use of disposable products by 50%) • Mandatory C&D Recovery (7/06) • Styrofoam Ban (6/07) & Plastic Bag Ban (11/07) • Mandatory Recycling & Composting (10/09)

5. Upstream Waste

6. Tip of the “Wasteberg” Impact Municipal Waste tip of the “wasteberg” Upstream waste produced is 70 times greater than at municipal level

7. Waste Diversion Protects Climate • Recycling reduces energy use & emissions upstream • Composting/Digestion reduces methane emissions from landfills • Compost use increases storage of carbon in soil & biomass • Compost decreases use of petro-based fertilizers and pesticides, and reduces irrigation saving energy use www.stoptrashingtheclimate.org

8. San Francisco Greenhouse Gas Emissions Target 12 11 10.8 Business as usual Forecast 10 8.48 8.25 9 7.8 2005 8.5 Kyotol Protocol Million Tons eCO2 8 7.3 7 Adopted Goal 20% below 1990 6 5 4 1990 2000 2005 2012 Year 2.5 million tons eCO2/year reduced by 2012

9. In 2002 we projected programs will reduce 302,000 tons eCO2 per year toward ghg reduction goal by 2012 Results will be much higher by achieving 75% diversion through: • Increased Recycling • Increased Composting • Increased Construction and Demolition Recovery

10. SF Highest & Best Use Food Diversion • Edible Food Donation • Delivered to meal programs via Food Banks • Animal Feed • Picked-up by farmers or via processor for feed production • Rendering • Grease & meat productsprocessed into tallow & animal feed • On-site Composting • By residents, schools, colleges and universities for on-site soils • Large Scale Composting • Curbside collection to large scale processinginto compost • Digestion into Gas or Converting to BioDiesel • Collection and centralized digestion into biogas energy • FOG (fats, oil & grease) processed into Biodiesel

11. San Francisco Food Bank Edible Food Redistribution

12. Produce, Brewery & Tofu Residuals For Dairy Feed

13. FOG (Fat, Oil & Grease), Meat & Bones Rendered Into Animal Meal & Tallow

14. Home Composting Education & Bins

15. Composting & Recycling Collection Designed For High Diversion Food Scraps20% Recyclable Paper21% Glass and Plastic Aluminum and Steel 5% Plant Trimmings5% Compostable Paper& Fiber 10% Construction and Demolition Waste30% Other10% All % numbers by weight or tons

16. Three Stream Collection Program for Residents and Businesses

17. Easy to Understand Program & Outreach

18. Recyclable Paper, Glass Bottles, Metal Cans, & All Rigid Plastics

19. Food Scraps, Yard Trimmings and Compostable Paper/Fiber

20. What’s Left Over?

21. Recyclables & Trash Collected Using Dual Compactors Weekly For Residents

22. Commercial Recycling & Composting Collection With Many Bin Options and Frequency of Collection Up to Daily

23. Fully Commingled Recycling Collection in Offices With Desk-side 7 Lt Blue Bins with <3 Qtr Black Trash Caddy

26. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Sorts Mixed Recyclables For Shipping to Markets

27. Tipping Single Stream Material

28. 3 Single Stream & 2 Mixed Commercial Lines for over 1200 tpd

29. Initial Hand Sorting of Larger Material

30. Angled Rotating Bar Screens Separate Fiber and Containers

31. Screened Mixed Paper Fibers

32. Sorting Small Fiber From Container Unders

33. Mixed Commercial Line, With Less Containers, May Sort White Paper

34. Plastic & Glass Hand Sorted

35. Ferrous Sorted by Magnets & Aluminum by Eddy Currents

36. Paper & Metals to Asian Markets, Glass Regional & Plastic Regional/Asian Markets

37. Backhaul low cost shipping to China

38. Compostables Collected with Single Chamber Compactors - Weekly For Residents & Up to Daily for Businesses

39. Side Loading Hopper Good For Monitoring And Quality Control “Love Note” feedback to stop contamination

40. Kitchen Pails for Food Scraps

41. Allow Only BPI Certified & Labeled or an equivalent for Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics (ASTM D6400)

42. To Increase Participation, Compostable Kitchen Pail Bags Were Provided as Samples and We Got Stores to sell them

43. Strategies to Tackle Apartment Building Composting

44. Neighborhood Door to Door Outreach Campaign. SF Environment Staffand Volunteers offer kitchen pail type and bag options and education

45. Apartment Chutes Create Obstacles to Sorting – City Exploring 3 Way Systems

46. Single Chute can be converted to 3 Stream Collection System

47. Get Management Support with Rate Incentives, On-site Technical & Material Assistance & Multilingual Training

48. Multi-lingual And Photo Image Poster Used for Commercial Training and Bin Signage

50. Green Bin Set-up For Work Station Sorting