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The Inquisition

The Inquisition. PIPITONE Anno Domini 2011. The Inquisition. Heretical activities were threatening civil order The Inquisition were to Defend the State Defend the Church How the Inquisition was carried out is unfortunate in history

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The Inquisition

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  1. The Inquisition PIPITONE Anno Domini 2011

  2. The Inquisition • Heretical activities were threatening civil order • The Inquisition were to • Defend the State • Defend the Church • How the Inquisition was carried out is unfortunate in history • The abuses were a direct response to a real threat to the social order in those times

  3. The Inquisition: The Cause • The Church’s hierarchy was not in favor with the stern measures against heresy • The Church rather project its authority by imposing excommunication and interdict • The Inquisition was began primarily in response to Albigensianism • Soul as a good thing • Body was bad • focused on the gospels, fasting, and penance • Reaction to the opulant lifestyles of many bishops, monks (and some priests)

  4. The Inquisition: The Cause • :The Albigensians • It was a form of Gnosticism • Believed in two gods that governed the universe • One spiritual and good • The other physical and evil • All temporal “things” are evil and dangerous • Hostile to Christians • Rejected the Mass, Sacraments, and ecclesiastical hierarchy • Hostile to government • Refused to abide/take oaths or allegiances

  5. The Inquisition: The Cause • Leaders would endorse the destruction of Churches, property, and the family • The value/dignity of human life was threatened • The Papal Legate and Pope Innocent III were murdered by the group

  6. The Inquisition: Implementation • Many nobility took a stance against the Albigensians…implemented capital punishment • King Louis VIII (8) and IX (9) of France • Emperor Frederick II • Pope Gregory was concerned that some civil authorities were involved in matters of Faith and doctrine • Wanted to reserve authority over matters of faith • He also wanted to remain in the good graces of the nobility • The Mendicant Orders

  7. The Inquisition: Implementation • The Pope set up the Inquisition in which Papal delegates (Inquisitors) would serve as independent judges free from secular interest and influence • He did not set up an independent tribunal • They often worked within the context of the civil government • The Inquisitor had to adhere to Canonical Law • Had to work in conjunction of the Local Ordinary (Local Bishop)

  8. The Inquisition: Implementation • Once a community was under suspicion those within would/could meet with the inquisitors, confess sins & do penance (a one month period) • If they refused and there was cause, (good reason), a trial would ensue • Swear innocence on the Gospels • Tell the accused of punishment • Confinement…immuration • Evidence was needed for conviction • There had to be at least two witnesses • No one hardly ever showed up –afraid they would be suspected of heresy if they knew others were heretics • No advocate • Those who gave false witness would see no mercy – Life imprisonment

  9. The Inquisition: Implementation • The accused could always appeal • Even to the Pope • There was a council of respected men of the community called to decide two factors in the end: • The Culpability • The Punishment • The council was to give consultation to the inquisitor who would have the final decision The accused could always appeal

  10. The Inquisition: Spain • Lasted until the 18th Century • The Spanish Inquisition coincided with a movement to re-conquer Spain as Christian • Attempt to national unification • The Inquisition was used to promote and retain Spanish unity under a common Christian religion • Civil authorities took over after the Church • The Spanish Inquisition violated dignity of the man • Time, place, society, norms

  11. The Inquisition: The End Result • The decision was pronounced with a solemn ceremony • The offenses were announced and punishments given • The punishments were carried out by the civil authorities • The punishments were usually humane • The secular courts • John Paul II: “sullied her (the Church’s) face, preventing her from fully mirroring the image of her crucified Lord.”

  12. Rooting out heresy seen as an act of protecting the uneducated who could easily accept false beliefs. • Rooting out heresy in the Church is a divine mandate from Christ. • Counter-point: The Albigensians had left the Church. • During this period of time, the threat to one’s immortal soul, (eternal damnation), was more feared than most people can appreciate today. Using torture to save a soul was seen as an act of compassion.

  13. Wicker – Quiz Questions • Why did the State, since the time of Constantine, get involved with heresies in the Church? • What groups did Pope Gregory give the authority to investigate heresy? • Approximately how many people were burned for heresy over 600 years? • What did John Paul II say about the inquisition? What did the inquisition do to the Church?

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