IETF- ENUM SGA-Workshop on ENUM Richard Shockey IETF ENUM Work Group Co-Chair Senior Technical Industry Liaison NeuStar

1. IETF- ENUM SGA-Workshop on ENUM Richard Shockey IETF ENUM Work Group Co-Chair Senior Technical Industry Liaison NeuStar, Inc. 1120 Vermont Avenue N.W. Washington DC, 20005 rich.shockey@neustar.com 202.533.2811

2. Introduction – Why are we here? • From a delayed contribution to SG2 by France : • “ ENUM protocol is defined by RFC 2916, aiming at translating the numbers stemming form the ITU-T E.164 Recommendation into Internet Domain Names; ENUM is an opportunity for developing the information society.” • “As a matter of fact, ENUM allows to use a traditional telephone number in the context of different communications media, in particular those rising from the development of IP networks (e-mail, VoIP, …) and therefore, could facilitate the penetration of new applications into the mass market easily ( this market is accustomed to E.164 numbers).”

3. Introduction – Why are we here? • From a delayed contribution to SG2 by France: • “This is a key opportunity for Internet communications service providers, who could tailor their services to be accessible by means of E.164 numbers, widely in use throughout the world ( much more than Internet domain names or e-mail addresses ).” • “Therefore, ENUM is a chance for the “Internet world” to enter the E.164 naming system, which has the advantages of being stable, world-wide used and well-digested by end users.”

4. Overview • ENUM is part of Convergence • ENUM is part of series of technical initiatives underway in both the IETF and ITU to develop Internet Telephony Standards. • Call Setup – H.323 – SIP • Quality of Service – DIFFSERV – INTSERV – MPLS • PSTN – IP Interworking H.248/MEGACO • FAX – T.37 T.38 – RFC 2503 • Mobile – 3GPP related • ENUM is about new service creation • But we must address naming and numbering issues

5. Problem Statement • How do you find services on the Internet if you only have a telephone number [E.164]? • How can we enable new IP services while creating new competitive markets and protect consumer choice,etc? • How can consumers and carriers have equal access to these new opportunities? • How do we create a trusted TN based resource for information about those services? • How do you make this simple, easy to use, without “reinventing the wheel”?

6. Solution ENUM / DNS Directory Service • Put telephone numbers into the global Domain Name System [DNS] • ENUM WG formed and operates within in the Internet Engineering Task Force • Core protocol work completed - RFC2916 • RFC2916 defines the use of DNS resource records to find optional : • E-mail addresses • Voice over IP SIP / H.323 servers • Voice Mail servers • Fax Machines • New and yet undefined services !

7. Why DNS? • It’s there... • It works... It’s global... It scales... It’s fast... It’s open. • ENUM enabled DNS creates a low cost, shared Service Control Point like infrastructure for IP services • Goal – Telephone Number IN …. URL out • Key to TN related services offered by providers over IP

8. Why e164.arpa ? • DNS Resolvers can only search a single tree branch of the DNS root .ARPA .JP .COM .INT .UK .e164 .ITU 4.4. (UK) .CO 6.4. (SE) 1.4. (CH) 3.3. (FR) 3.2.4.5.3.4.5. 2.2.

9. Why E.164 Telephone Numbers? • Familiar to consumers • TN’s are linguistically neutral • Internationally Understood • E.164 Plan is “Authoritative” • Trusted to produce consistency across the PSTN. • A Billion devices or so do not have QUERTY Keyboards….

10. How Does ENUM Work? • Take a fully qualified E.164 telephone number and create a DNS entry in a single highly defined and structured domain. • The search for resources on the internet associated with + 1 202-533-2811 becomes a DNS look up to: 1.1.8.2.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa

11. RFC 2916 • ENUM is not about putting telephone numbers into any domain..it specifically about putting E.164 numbers into e164.arpa ( a subtle distinction ) • From RFC2916: • “The domain "e164.arpa" is being populated in order to provide the infrastructure in DNS for storage of E.164 numbers.” • “This memo requests that the IANA delegate the E164.ARPA domain following instructions to be provided by the IAB. Names within this zone are to be delegated to parties according to the ITU recommendation E.164. The names allocated should be hierarchic in accordance with ITU Recommendation E.164, and the codes should assigned in accordance with that Recommendation.” • Private dialing plans can be accommodated in any domain.

12. Dialing Plans Be prepared to resolve into both private and public dialing plans Enterprise Network e164.bigco.com Global Dialing Plan e164.arpa

13. Why e164.arpa ? • The e164.arpa domain was selected by the Internet Architecture Board specifically for this purpose with the concurrence of the ITU • .ARPA is designated by the IAB for Internet Infrastructure issues • in-addr.arpa (reverse IP address look up) • .ARPA is a well managed, stable and secure operational environment under IAB supervision • Single domain structure under e164.arpa becomes the authoritative “root” for E.164 telephone numbers

14. Simple ENUM Flow Chart ENUM Global Directory (DNS) Equates 1(202) 533-2811 to sip:rich.shockey@carrier.net to enable Voice over IP using SIP Proxy Queries DNS for SIP Address based on TN DNS Internet SIP Proxies

15. What ENUM is not…. • ENUM is not about carrier selection (selection of carrier within a given service type) • ENUM is not about telecom bypass • An alternative to circuit switched technology • ENUM does not change the Numbering Plan • ENUM does not change ITU-E.164 • ENUM does not change existing telephony numbering or its assignments in anyway • ENUM does not exhaust national number plans • May conserve numbering resources

16. Privacy Considerations • We believe that RFC 2916 is consistent with current EC policy on Privacy and Data Protection • There is no requirement for WHOIS • ENUM is a Opt-IN system • ENUM does not expose personal data or personal preferences for call processing • ENUM is essentially routing data – a shared Service Control Point

17. Applications ENUM Directory Enabled Applications • Voice over IP • Unified Messaging • Instant Messaging • IP Fax • Personal Web Pages Internet Domain Name Addresses DNS E.164 Numbers • 10 Digit • 800 • International PrivateNetworks Internet Telephony Networks

18. ITU – IAB / IETF Agreements • Liaison Statement issued by Study Group 2 now officially RFC 3026 • IETF – ITU Agree on delegation model that completely follows the ITU-T E.164 plan for inclusion into e164.arpa • Operational Responsibility is at the IAB, while Administrative Management is at ITU. • - e164.arpa geographic zones controlled by appropriate Member State. • ITU will insure that Member States have authorized the inclusion of their Country Code in e164.arpa • ITU to coordinate with RIPE NCC as the Root Administrator • IETF - ITU jointly work together in moving forward

19. Member State Issues • How are the National Delegation Servers for each CC to be managed? • From RFC 2916: “Holders of E.164 numbers which want to be listed in DNS should contact the appropriate zone administrator in order to be listed, by examining the SOA resource record associated with the zone, just like in normal DNS operations.” • This means Member States are the ENUM Zone Administrators for their CC’s • Who manages these servers is a Member State issue. • What is the process and criterion used for ENUM Administrator selection? • What capabilities should ENUM Administrators have? • Financial / Technical • What performance requirements should ENUM Administrators have? • What Regulatory Rules must they operate under?

20. Next Steps… • ENUM Technical – Testing and Trials • Vendors put ENUM capable DNS Resolver into Internet Telephony Products • Create ENUM / DNS Operational Metrics • Security – Redundancy • Administrative – Member State Defined • Educational Process within Communities of Interest • ENUM Operations • How do you authenticate the identity of the subscriber for ENUM services ? • Who are ENUM Registrars and what are they responsible for? • How do you validate ENUM data for potential users ( Add - Modify – Delete ) NAPTR list of services and preferences) • How is the data provisioned to the CC zone NS

21. Next Steps… • What happens when a TN is disconnected? How and when will ENUM RR be deleted? • What is the role of the incumbent PSTN carrier? • How is competition promoted in the process? • Existing Policy models within Nation States offer guidance to : • Promote Consistency with E.164 Number Plan and Number Portability requirements • Prevent Number Slamming • Prevent Number Hijacking • Protect Consumers Interest • Protect Consumer Privacy • Equal Access to RR’s by all qualified carriers and service providers

22. ENUM Resources ENUM Charter http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/enum-charter.html ENUM Core Protocol ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2916.txt ENUM WG Requirements http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-rqmts-01.txt ENUM Call Flows http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lind-enum-callflows-01.txt ENUM Operations Issues http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-operation-01.txt ENUM Administration in the United States http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfautz-yu-enum-adm-00.txt Voice Profile for Internet Mail ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2421.txt

23. ENUM Resources IETF-ITU Liaison Statement ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3026.txt NAPTR Resource Records ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2915.txt A DDDS Database Using The Domain Name System http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-dns-ddds-database-01.txt Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-ddds-02.txt URI Resolution using the Dynamic Delegation Discovery System http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-uri-res-ddds-01.txt

24. Web Resources • International Telecommunications Union • http://www.itu.int/infocom/enum/ • CyberTelecom • http://www.cybertelecom.org/teleph.htm