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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1816)

JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1816). 1. ELECTION OF 1800. “Revolution of 1800” Adams v. Jefferson (again) Challenged by Aaron Burr (DR) Major Issues: - Expansion of Military - Foreign Affairs - Alien & Sedition Acts. 2. 2. ELECTION OF 1800 .

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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1816)

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  1. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY(1800 – 1816) 1

  2. ELECTION OF 1800 • “Revolution of 1800” • Adams v. Jefferson (again) • Challenged by Aaron Burr (DR) • Major Issues: • - Expansion of Military • - Foreign Affairs • - Alien & Sedition Acts 2 2

  3. ELECTION OF 1800 • Jefferson wins; becomes 3rd US President • DR's also win majority in House & Senate • Allows for easy passage of DR laws 3 3

  4. JEFFERSON’S PHILOSOPHY • Protect basic human rights • Citizen control via annual elections • Will of the People • Majority Rule • Govt. should onlyperform necessary duties • Therefore, govt. should be as small as possible 4 4

  5. A “NATION OF FARMERS” • Govt. should support an agrarian society • Based on a model in northern Scotland: • - Communal Rights - Individual Rights • Farmers had most independence; Jefferson referred to this as agrarian democracy • Cities, factories, and land speculation will corrupt people • Upper class gains more power, which will inevitably limit the power of farming classes 5 5

  6. EXAMPLE POLICIES • Westward expansion • More farming=more democracy • Reduce size of Army/Navy • Cut taxes and govt. spending • International commerce tosupport farming • “Household Technology” • Reduce govt. debt with surplus tax $$ • Strict constructionism 6 6

  7. LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) • French Revolution ends • Napoleon becomes Emperor • Restore French Empire • Spain, fearing Napoleon, cedes Louisiana Territory to France • Napoleon restricts Mississippiand New Orleans to US trade 7 7

  8. FRENCH EMPIRE 8 8

  9. 9 9

  10. LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) • Napoleon needs $$ to finance European campaigns (Napoleonic Wars) • Loses last colony in West (Haitian Slave Rebellion) • Sell Louisiana & New Orleansto US • US doubles in size; largest land purchase in history • Americans begin to push west 10 10

  11. 11 11

  12. LEWIS & CLARK (1803-1805) - Created land route to Pacific Ocean - “Discovered” 300 new species - Richness of West documented; fuels expansion 12 12

  13. QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN?? • Jefferson, and the Republicans, believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution • More importantly, they believed in strict constructionism of the Constitution, i.e. using only the enumerated powers of govt. • In your opinion, was the Louisiana Purchase an example of his Republican beliefs? • Or did Jefferson act more like a Federalist, using a loose interpretation in this acquisition? • Please explain your answer. 13 13

  14. FEDERALIST STRONGHOLDS:MARSHALL COURT • John Marshall (Chief Justice) 1800-1835 • Judges appointed by Washington/Adams • Serve as check to Jefferson & DRs • “Revolution of 1800” deal w/ Hamilton • Strong natl. govt. • Federal Supremacy • Pro-Industry 14 14

  15. MARBURY V. MADISON (1803) • “Midnight Judges” • William Marbury • Marbury not granted commission (contract) • Denied by Madison • Asks SC for Writ of Mandamus 15 15

  16. MARBURY V. MADISON (1803) • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Changed jurisdiction of Supreme Court • Marshall finds law unconstitutional • Established judicial review • Checks & Balances • Declare acts of other branches unconstitutional 16 16

  17. BARBARY PIRATES, ARRR! - US expands trade to Mediterranean • Pirates capture ships; ransom • Demand “tribute” - US no longer protected by France & GB - US has no Navy; need warships? - Barbary Wars (1802) - “from the shores of Tripoli” 17 17 17

  18. MORE PROBLEMS W/ BRITAIN & FRANCE • Napoleonic Wars (1802-1814) • Neither side respects American neutrality • Blockades to prevent tradew/ “enemy” • Hurts US trade • British continue impressment 18 18

  19. BLOCKADE 19 19

  20. EMBARGO ACT (1807) • Jefferson wants neutrality • Stop abuses by Britain & France • Passes Embargo Act: • Goal: Respect US neutrality • Restricts trade w/ European countries • Britain & France need US goods for war • Jefferson underestimates GB/French rivalry; Napoleonic Wars continue 20 20

  21. US REACTIONS TO EMBARGO ACT • Hurts US more than Europe • Public Outrage! • Political seats up for grabs (Federalists?) • DRs re-gain Presidency w/election of James Madison • US Exports in 1806: $108 Million • US Exports in 1808: $22 Million • Recession 21 21

  22. POLITICAL CARTOON c. 1808 22 22

  23. OTHER ISOLATIONIST ACTS • Non-Importation Act (1806) • Limit European imports • Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Limited ONLY French & British imports • Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) • Stop attacks; permit trade 23 23

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