The Modern Period

1. The Modern Period (1914-1945) By: Justin Goldberg and Kristen McGuffin

2. World War I • 1917- the US entered the war, followed by Woodrow Wilson’s 14-point plan to create peace amongst the nations • Before the war- was a sense of optimism, resulting in Roaring 20’s after the war

3. World War I (continued) • Many cultural and technological advances made in this age • Quality of social life began to slip • When peace finally came to the world, things like jazz, theater, and modern ideas began to arrive.

4. The Stock Market Crash/ The Great Depression • Much of the higher class in America had money in stocks • Crashed in 1929; this led to unemployment and poverty of one fourth of the working class • People lined up in the streets for bread and soup, most still going home hungry. • President Roosevelt brought up New Deal- brilliant plan to reemploy the working class and restore the nation to its full potential.

5. World War II • Roosevelt reelected four times. • US tried to stay neutral during the war, but was dragged into it after the sinking of the Lusitania and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

6. World War II (continued) • Dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, thus ending the world war. • Was a very negative attitude in the rest of the world following this all; Americans chose to stick with a more upbeat and modern thinking.

7. Types of Literature- Short Story • A brief piece of writing. • It isn’t as long or complex as a novel, but it still has an introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion. • Examples: “The Far and the Near” by Thomas Wolfe and “A Worn Path” by Eudora Welty

8. Types of Literature- Poetry • Some rhyme, but all do not have to. • Often written in lines and stanzas • Can be used for all different purposes. They’re used to express positive emotions, negative feelings, or even just a random thought. • Usually includes very creative language and a good use of imagery • Examples: “Ars Poetica” by Archibald MacLeish and “Poetry” by Marianne Moore

9. Types of Literature- Novels • Fiction • Unlike a short story, a novel is very long. • Always has a complex plot. Instead of being a very simple, short story line, it’s quite drawn out. • Can be written about all different topics. Each one doesn’t have to have the same time period or theme. • Examples: Parades End by Ford Maddox Ford

10. Types of Literature- plays • Usually scripted pieces of work that people memorize and perform. • Many different types- drama plays, passion plays, chronicle plays, etc. • Examples: “Heartbreak House” and “Saint Joan”

11. Types of Literature- Essays • Nonfiction • Different types are expository, descriptive, persuasive, or narrative. • Can be classified by the mood (formal, informal, personal, or impersonal). • Examples: Soseki Natsume wrote many novels, as well as essays during the modern period.

12. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) • Wrote in the peaks and valleys of Roaring 20’s • Main characters in his books were rich, but had no spiritual wealth • This Side of Paradise was an instant success, followed by The Great Gatsby

13. F Scott Fitzgerald (continued) • Made rich from masterpieces, and was able to marry a woman he met in the army • Suffered from same struggles as his characters • Died in the middle of The Last Tycoon, another novel about his inner despair

14. John Steinbeck (1902-1968) • Greatly grasped Great Depression in writing • Wrote of pushing through tough times/ showing positive characteristics • Traveled abroad doing odd jobs of manual labor, so he knew what that life was like

15. John Steinbeck (continued) • First few novels flopped, then Tortilla Flat gave him popularity • Produced his masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath- gave him a name in the business • Won the Nobel Prize in literature, showing that through writing, we can persevere through difficult times

16. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) • Born in Oak Park, Illinois • Father was a physician • Tried to join the army, but his vision wasn’t good enough • Joined a section of the Red Cross and traveled to Italy • The war gave him a lot of inspiration for his writing, as did other American authors. • Wrote a lot of fiction

17. Ernest Hemingway cont. • Some well known books: A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea

18. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) • Born in Eatonville, Florida • One of 8 kids • Mother died during childhood • At about 14, she was already paying for all of her own food and essentials • Attended Harvard University, where she began to love writing • Moved to NY and continued at Barnard College

19. Zora Neale Hurston cont. • Wrote many folklores, short stories, novels, plays, and an autobiography • Most known for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God • Also famous for her autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road

20. TS Elliot (1888-1965) • Born in St. Louis, Missouri • Family was very wealthy, as well as intelligent • Attended Harvard where he wrote many poems for the newspaper • Moved to England and married • He introduced many new writing styles to the world. • He and some other writers would call themselves modernists. They believed poems should be about what life is like now, not what it used to be.

21. TS Elliot cont. • Won the Nobel prize in 1948 • Most famous writings are The Waste Land and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

22. Henry Ford • Depicts the automobiles of the time and creator Henry Ford. • Was a major invention of the time, aiding in transportation and commercial needs. • Almost everyone knew Henry Ford in this period.

23. The Great Depression • Very famous picture of a mother of two boys, poor and out of luck. • The working class was almost completely eliminated from disaster. • Citizens did not have food or water to sustain themselves.

24. Stock Market Crash • Shows people on the streets after crash • Major loss of money nationwide, mostly in upper class • People crowded the streets after they heard the news

25. WWII Propaganda • Poster from WWII about the Allied and Axis • Shows that alliances were needed • The world needed peace but was not receiving it because of the war

26. Duke Ellington • Major sensation during the Roaring Twenties • One of the most famous musicians and jazz players in history • Played the piano and several other instruments, as well as having a band to play along

27. Monopoly • Charles Darrow created Monopoly. • Big fad during the 1930s. • First edition was released in 1933, and nearly .5 million copies of the game had already been sold by 1935.

28. Fashion • During the 1930s, the hem lines of women’s clothing came down to their knees. • Fur was very popular, as were skirts. • Women started wearing slacks and leather jackets at times.

29. Bibliography Blankenhorn, Dana. "What if You Lose Your Job?". ZD Net. August 20, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/images/great_depression_photograph.gif&imgrefurl=http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/%3Fp%3D1896&h=600&w=462&sz=86&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=n03tabXlIafnZM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreat%2Bdepression%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>. Carlacio, Jami. "Introduction to American Literature II". English 204. August 20, 2008. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/jlc225/personal_images/hemingway.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/jlc225/syllabi/am-lit-spr06.htm&h=628&w=485&sz=39&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=U77RY_3YSOw26M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dernest%2Bhemingway%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den "Collective Efforts". University of Chicago Magazine. August 20, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0110/features/images/0110_feature-prop.jpg&imgrefurl=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0110/features/efforts-prop.html&h=353&w=250&sz=107&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=ek6ftRhIbE2Q_M:&tbnh=121&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwar%2B2%2Bpropaganda%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>. Daley, Orion Karl. "The State of Great Divide in Our Economy". Economic Reform Plan. August 20, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://unity2008.org/StockMarketCrash.jpg&imgrefurl=http://unity2008.org/Economy.html&h=480&w=368&sz=57&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=lSxfGjSLXFWj6M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstock%2Bmarket%2Bcrash%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>. Diehl, Paul B. "Sonnet.” World Book Online Reference Center. 19 Aug. 2008. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/extmedia?id=ar519940&st=sonnet&sc=0&em=au008572

30. Bibliography cont. "F. Scott Fitzgerald". JAMD. August 23, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3231209.jpg%3Fv%3D1%26c%3DViewImages%26k%3D2%26d%3D9724400E855F9263794ED2FD38894110A55A1E4F32AD3138&imgrefurl=http://www.jamd.com/image/g/3231209&h=594&w=473&sz=42&hl=en&start=11&um=1&usg=__yRa-5C3m5d1c_zQkOUpPzFP4rJs=&tbnid=e2jv3aIrPbUKOM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=108&prev=/images%3Fq%3Df.%2Bscott%2Bfitzgerald%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBS_enUS220US220%26sa%3DN>. “Fads and Fashion of the 1930s.” Welcome to the 1930s. August 20, 2008. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC063370/womenstyle.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC063370/fads.htm&h=262&w=186&sz=14&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=jtdpVdAwKrkcCM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=80&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfashion%2Bin%2Bthe%2B1930s%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den "Ford". Bluebird. August 20, 2008 . <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.speedace.info/automotive_directory/car_images/ford_model_t_henry.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.speedace.info/automotive_directory/ford.htm&h=528&w=564&sz=20&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=GH_opQiHaCeReM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2BT%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>. Hahn, George. "Essay.” World Book Online Reference Center. 19 Aug. 2008. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar184960&st=essays Hahn, George. "Short story." World Book Online Reference Center. 19 Aug. 2008. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar508020&st=short+story "Harlem Renaissance ". Mr. Jackson's American Literature. August 20, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kodiakschools.org/khs/departments/englishdepartment/American_Literature/assets/duke_ellington_03.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kodiakschools.org/khs/departments/englishdepartment/American_Literature/Quarter_3.html&h=480&w=404&sz=46&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=vbjYSlmR4Z3c_M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dduke%2Bellington%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>.

31. Bibliography cont. Nickerson, Linda A.. "Poets on Poetry- TS Elliot". Associated Content. August 20, 2008. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A2190/219069/300_219069.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/598367/poets_on_poetry_t_s_eliot.html&h=420&w=300&sz=23&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=v-w5S4gy5QvqnM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTs%2BElliot%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes: The American Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. 743-745. Schorer, Mark. "English Literature." Encyclopedia Americana. 2008. Grolier Online. 20 Aug. 2008 <http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0143760-14>. "The Flag in the Wind". Scots Independent . August 23, 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scotsindependent.org/features/quotations/John%2520Steinbeck.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.scotsindependent.org/features/quotations/quotations_5.htm&h=327&w=250&sz=14&hl=en&start=1&um=1&usg=__-DzKnIBchu4aLP-KzO5pEsIoEO4=&tbnid=MEWC3Sc9oiE2hM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djohn%2Bsteinbeck%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBS_enUS220US220%26sa%3DN>. "World War I". August 23, 2008 <http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/images/ww1main.jpg>. "Zora Neale Hurston". American Masters. August 20, 2008. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/images/hurston_pic.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/hurston.html&h=274&w=300&sz=46&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=4tItfS8fIMjBeM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dzora%2Bneale%2Bhurston%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den