CHAPTER EIGHT

1. CHAPTER EIGHT Using Arraysand File Handling

2. Objectives • Initialize an array • Initialize an array with default values • Access array elements using a loop • Use ReDim to resize an array • Determine the number of elements in an array using the Length command • Use the For Each loop Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

3. Objectives • Initialize two-dimensional arrays • Read a text file • Write to a text file • Calculate depreciation • Use multiple Form objects • Access Variable objects on other forms Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

4. Introduction Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

5. Introduction to Arrays • An array variable is simply a variable that can store more than one value • Each individual item in array that contains a value is called an element • Arrays provide access to data by using a numeric index, or subscript, to identify each element in the array Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

6. Initializing an Array • To declare an array in a program, you must include an array declaration statement, which states the name of the array, how many items it can store, and what sort of data it can store Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

7. Initializing an Array • Parallel arrays store related data in two or more arrays Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

8. Accessing Array Elements Using a Loop Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

9. Introduction to Arrays • The Visual Basic compiler determines if each subscript is within the boundaries set when you initialized the array • An array can use a constant value representing the upper-bound index • Every array in Visual Basic is considered dynamic, which means that you can resize it at run time • The ReDimstatement assigns a new array size to the specified array variable • All data in the array will be lost • If you want to preserve the existing data you can use the keyword Preserve • Ex: ReDim Preserve Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

10. Using the Length Property • The Length property of an array contains the number of elements in an array Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

11. Using Arrays Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

12. The For Each Loop Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

13. The For Each Loop Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

14. Scope of Arrays • The scope of an array declared within a procedure is local to that procedure, but an array can be declared as a class level variable Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

15. Passing an Array • An array can be passed as an argument to a Sub procedure or a Function procedure Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

16. Sorting an Array Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

17. Searching an Array • Searching each element in an array is called a sequential search • The BinarySearch method searches a sorted array for a value using a binary search algorithm • The binary search algorithm searches an array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

18. Creating a Two-Dimensional Array • A two-dimensional array holds data that is arranged in rows and columns Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

19. Creating a Two-Dimensional Array Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

20. File Handling • To process data more efficiently, many developers use text files to store and access information to use within an application • Text files have a .txt extension • A simple text file is called a sequential file Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

21. Reading a Text File • To open a text file, you need an object available in the System.IO called a StreamReader Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

22. Reading a Text File • To determine whether the end of the file has been reached, use the Peek procedure of the StreamReader object Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

23. Reading a Text File • Open the code window by tapping or clicking the View Code button on the Solution Explorer toolbar. Tap or click inside the frmDepreciation_Load event • Initialize the variables. Assign an object variable to the IO.StreamReader object. Initialize the StreamReader object by typing Dim objReader AsIO. An IntelliSense window opens. Select StreamReader. Press ENTER. Finish declaring the rest of the variable names • Verify that the inventory.txt data file is available by typing If IO. to open an IntelliSense window. Complete the rest of the line using IntelliSense as shown on the following slide. Assign the objReader variable by typing objR and then pressing CTRL + SPACEBAR to complete the variable name. Type = IO. and IntelliSense opens. Type F Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

24. Reading a Text File Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

25. Reading a Text File • Select File by typing a period and select OpenText from the IntelliSense list. Type (“e:\inventory.txt”) to access the inventory text file from the USB drive (drive E) • To read each line of the text file, insert a Do While loop that continues until the Peek procedure returns the value of -1. Specify that the ReadLine() procedure reads each line of the text file. Use the variable intCount to determine the index of each array element • After the data file has been read, close the file. Insert an Else statement that informs the user if the file cannot be opened and closes the application Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

26. Reading a Text File Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

27. Writing to a Text File • Writing to a text file is similar to reading a text file. The System.IO namespace also includes the StreamWriter, which is used to write a stream of text to a file Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

28. Writing to a Text File Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

29. Computing Depreciation • Depreciation is the decrease in property value and the reduction in the balance sheet value of a company asset to reflect its age and prolonged use • The simplest and most common method, straight-line depreciation, is calculated by dividing the purchase or acquisition price of an asset by the total productive years the asset can reasonably be expected to benefit the company, which is called the life of the asset Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

30. Computing Depreciation • The double-declining balance depreciation method is like the straight-line method doubled Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

31. Using Multiple Form Objects • Tap or click PROJECT on the menu bar, and then tap or click Add Windows Form • In the Add New Item dialog box, tap or click Windows Form, and then type frmDisplayInventory.vb in the Name text box • Click the Add button in the Add New Item dialog box. A second Form object named frmDisplayInventory.vb opens in the Visual Basic 2012 window. In the Properties window, change the Text property of the frmDisplayInventory object to Sorted Inventory Listing Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

32. Using Multiple Form Objects Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

33. Startup Objects • Every application begins executing a project by displaying the object designated as the Startup object Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

34. Creating an Instance of a Windows Form Object • To display a second or subsequent form, the initial step in displaying the form is to create an instance of the Windows Form object • When creating multiple Windows Form objects, Visual Basic allows you to generate two types of forms: modal and modeless • A modal form retains the input focus while open • A modeless form allows you to switch the input focus to another window Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

35. Creating an Instance of a Windows Form Object Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

36. Accessing Variables on Other Forms • You control the availability of a variable by specifying its access level, or access specifier Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

37. Program Design Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

38. Program Design Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

39. Designing the Program Processing Objects Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

40. Designing the Program Processing Objects Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

41. Designing the Program Processing Objects Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

42. Designing the Program Processing Objects Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

43. Summary Initialize an array Initialize an array with default values Access array elements using a loop Use ReDim to resize an array Determine the number of elements in an array using the Length command Use the For Each loop Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

44. Summary Initialize two-dimensional arrays Read a text file Write to a text file Calculate depreciation Use multiple Form objects Access Variable objects on other forms Chapter 8: Using Arrays and File Handling

45. CHAPTER EIGHT COMPLETE Using Arraysand File Handling