The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo

1. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo This year -- 1992 -- the world will recognize the quincentenary (500th anniversary) of the most important voyage of discovery ever made. No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo, the man we know today as Christopher Columbus. For most of American history, Colmbus has been hailed as a hero - a courageous pathfinder who opened up half the world to exploration and progress. But today, as the world prepares to commemorate Columbus’s achievment, other voices are being heard. These are the voices of native Americans, African-Americans, and others who see Columbus not as a hero, but as a man who helped bring disease, slavery, and poverty to North and South America. Was Columbus a hero? or a villain? or perhaps both? The answer begins 500 years ago: For most people living in the year 1492, the world was shrouded in darkness and mystery. North and South America were home to native peoples who knew nothing of the world beyond the Western hemisphere and little about the world beyond their village or town. In the “Old World” of Europe, people did not even know that North and South America existed. Many believed that the unexplored regions of the world were places full of monsters and devils. Trade Routes In Europe of the 1400s, there was a large and growing sea trade with the “Indies” - India and China. The centers of this trade were Spain and Portugal. Ships sailed east from Spanish and Portugese ports around Africa to India and China. A growing number of people, however, began to think that sailing west might actually be a more direct away to reach the Indies. Among the strongest advocates of this western route was an Italian named Cristoforo Columbo or Columbus. Columbus was a sailor who had once sailed to Iceland where he heard stories of “a vast land in the distant west,” which he supposed to be the Indies. Columbus drew up plans for a voyage of discovery that would open up such a western sea route to the Indies. He sent the plans to the King of Portugal and the King and Queen of Spain. The King of Portugal was not interested. But -- after much effort -- Columbus recieved support from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. The Voyage Begins On Friday, the third of August, 1492, Columbus left the Spanish port of Palos with three little ships -- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The ships were manned by a crew of 88 men, many of whom were prisoners who had been promised freedom if they joined the expedition. Several times the ships were caught in the windless seas. More than once the crew was ready to mutiny if Columbus did not turn back. At 2 a.m. on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, land was sighted. Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean now named San Salvador. He was certain that he had discovered an outlying island of India. The redskinned people he found on the island he called “Los Indios,” the spanish word for inhabitants of India. Columbus never knew the truth. He died in the firm belief that he had found a direct route to India and China.

2. Re-read the first paragraph and then underline the thesis (or theme) of this reading. “No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo.”

3. Was Columbus a hero?

4. Was Columbus a villain?

5. Was Columbus a hero? Or a villain? Or perhaps both?

6. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo (9/8) *As we are reading this you must take at least 15 notes. *Remember to make your notes brief but understandable. *Your notes should be linked with the thesis of the reading (“No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo.”) so the majority will come from the back page

7. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo (9/8) (“No voyage changed world as voyage of Cristoforo Colombo.”) p. 9

8. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo (9/8) (“No voyage changed world as voyage of Cristoforo Colombo.”) Was Columbus a hero or a villain? Highlight or underline as I read. (you will be asked to share your notes as an example)

9. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo This year -- 1992 -- the world will recognize the quincentenary (500th anniversary) of the most important voyage of discovery ever made. No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo, the man we know today as Christopher Columbus. For most of American history, Colmbus has been hailed as a hero - a courageous pathfinder who opened up half the world to exploration and progress. But today, as the world prepares to commemorate Columbus’s achievment, other voices are being heard. These are the voices of native Americans, African-Americans, and others who see Columbus not as a hero, but as a man who helped bring disease, slavery, and poverty to North and South America. Was Columbus a hero? or a villain? or perhaps both? The answer begins 500 years ago: For most people living in the year 1492, the world was shrouded in darkness and mystery. North and South America were home to native peoples who knew nothing of the world beyond the Western hemisphere and little about the world beyond their village or town. In the “Old World” of Europe, people did not even know that North and South America existed. Many believed that the unexplored regions of the world were places full of monsters and devils. Trade Routes In Europe of the 1400s, there was a large and growing sea trade with the “Indies” - India and China. The centers of this trade were Spain and Portugal. Ships sailed east from Spanish and Portugese ports around Africa to India and China. A growing number of people, however, began to think that sailing west might actually be a more direct away to reach the Indies. Among the strongest advocates of this western route was an Italian named Cristoforo Columbo or Columbus. Columbus was a sailor who had once sailed to Iceland where he heard stories of “a vast land in the distant west,” which he supposed to be the Indies. Columbus drew up plans for a voyage of discovery that would open up such a western sea route to the Indies. He sent the plans to the King of Portugal and the King and Queen of Spain. The King of Portugal was not interested. But -- after much effort -- Columbus recieved support from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. The Voyage Begins On Friday, the third of August, 1492, Columbus left the Spanish port of Palos with three little ships -- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The ships were manned by a crew of 88 men, many of whom were prisoners who had been promised freedom if they joined the expedition. Several times the ships were caught in the windless seas. More than once the crew was ready to mutiny if Columbus did not turn back. At 2 a.m. on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, land was sighted. Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean now named San Salvador. He was certain that he had discovered an outlying island of India. The redskinned people he found on the island he called “Los Indios,” the spanish word for inhabitants of India. Columbus never knew the truth. He died in the firm belief that he had found a direct route to India and China.

10. “New World” “Old World”

11. “New World”= Americas

12. “Old World” = Europe

13. “New World” = Americas “Old World” = Europe Write 1 Note

14. Write one note Trade Routes

17. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo (9/8) (“No voyage changed world as voyage of Cristoforo Colombo.”) Was Columbus a hero or a villain? Trade Routes Write one note

18. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo This year -- 1992 -- the world will recognize the quincentenary (500th anniversary) of the most important voyage of discovery ever made. No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo, the man we know today as Christopher Columbus. For most of American history, Colmbus has been hailed as a hero - a courageous pathfinder who opened up half the world to exploration and progress. But today, as the world prepares to commemorate Columbus’s achievment, other voices are being heard. These are the voices of native Americans, African-Americans, and others who see Columbus not as a hero, but as a man who helped bring disease, slavery, and poverty to North and South America. Was Columbus a hero? or a villain? or perhaps both? The answer begins 500 years ago: For most people living in the year 1492, the world was shrouded in darkness and mystery. North and South America were home to native peoples who knew nothing of the world beyond the Western hemisphere and little about the world beyond their village or town. In the “Old World” of Europe, people did not even know that North and South America existed. Many believed that the unexplored regions of the world were places full of monsters and devils. Trade Routes In Europe of the 1400s, there was a large and growing sea trade with the “Indies” - India and China. The centers of this trade were Spain and Portugal. Ships sailed east from Spanish and Portugese ports around Africa to India and China. A growing number of people, however, began to think that sailing west might actually be a more direct away to reach the Indies. Among the strongest advocates of this western route was an Italian named Cristoforo Columbo or Columbus. Columbus was a sailor who had once sailed to Iceland where he heard stories of “a vast land in the distant west,” which he supposed to be the Indies. Columbus drew up plans for a voyage of discovery that would open up such a western sea route to the Indies. He sent the plans to the King of Portugal and the King and Queen of Spain. The King of Portugal was not interested. But -- after much effort -- Columbus received support from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. The Voyage Begins On Friday, the third of August, 1492, Columbus left the Spanish port of Palos with three little ships -- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The ships were manned by a crew of 88 men, many of whom were prisoners who had been promised freedom if they joined the expedition. Several times the ships were caught in the windless seas. More than once the crew was ready to mutiny if Columbus did not turn back. At 2 a.m. on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, land was sighted. Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean now named San Salvador. He was certain that he had discovered an outlying island of India. The redskinned people he found on the island he called “Los Indios,” the spanish word for inhabitants of India. Columbus never knew the truth. He died in the firm belief that he had found a direct route to India and China.

19. The Voyage Begins Write one note

21. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo This year -- 1992 -- the world will recognize the quincentenary (500th anniversary) of the most important voyage of discovery ever made. No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo, the man we know today as Christopher Columbus. For most of American history, Colmbus has been hailed as a hero - a courageous pathfinder who opened up half the world to exploration and progress. But today, as the world prepares to commemorate Columbus’s achievment, other voices are being heard. These are the voices of native Americans, African-Americans, and others who see Columbus not as a hero, but as a man who helped bring disease, slavery, and poverty to North and South America. Was Columbus a hero? or a villain? or perhaps both? The answer begins 500 years ago: For most people living in the year 1492, the world was shrouded in darkness and mystery. North and South America were home to native peoples who knew nothing of the world beyond the Western hemisphere and little about the world beyond their village or town. In the “Old World” of Europe, people did not even know that North and South America existed. Many believed that the unexplored regions of the world were places full of monsters and devils. Trade Routes In Europe of the 1400s, there was a large and growing sea trade with the “Indies” - India and China. The centers of this trade were Spain and Portugal. Ships sailed east from Spanish and Portugese ports around Africa to India and China. A growing number of people, however, began to think that sailing west might actually be a more direct away to reach the Indies. Among the strongest advocates of this western route was an Italian named Cristoforo Columbo or Columbus. Columbus was a sailor who had once sailed to Iceland where he heard stories of “a vast land in the distant west,” which he supposed to be the Indies. Columbus drew up plans for a voyage of discovery that would open up such a western sea route to the Indies. He sent the plans to the King of Portugal and the King and Queen of Spain. The King of Portugal was not interested. But -- after much effort -- Columbus received support from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. The Voyage Begins On Friday, the third of August, 1492, Columbus left the Spanish port of Palos with three little ships -- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The ships were manned by a crew of 88 men, many of whom were prisoners who had been promised freedom if they joined the expedition. Several times the ships were caught in the windless seas. More than once the crew was ready to mutiny if Columbus did not turn back. At 2 a.m. on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, land was sighted. Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean now named San Salvador. He was certain that he had discovered an outlying island of India. The redskinned people he found on the island he called “Los Indios,” the spanish word for inhabitants of India. Columbus never knew the truth. He died in the firm belief that he had found a direct route to India and China.

22. A Changed World Write one note

23. A Changed World Even though Columbus didn’t know what he had discovered, his voyages (he made three more) changed the world forever. He opened the door for the collision of two ancient civilizations -- that of Native Americans and that of the Europeans. Here are some of the results of that fateful collision. Foods One of the most immediate and long-lasting results of the meeting of the New World and Old World deals with food. Some of the foods that European found in the New World were potatoes, tomatoes, corn, cacao, (chocolate), vanilla, peanuts, and pineapple. The potato in particular, became a vital food in some parts of Europe. It fed millions of Europeans and led to a major increase in Europe’s population during the 1800’s. orn, or maize, became a staple food in Africa and led to a population increase there. In return, the Europeans brought coffee, sugar cane, and bananas to the New World. Animals When Columbus landed, the only domesticated animals in the New World were dogs, guinea pigs and llamas. The Spanish brought pigs, cattle, and horses. Horses became the most important. Within a century after Columbus, herds of horses ran wild from northern Mexico to Argentina. By 1750, the Great Plains abounded with Indians on horseback. Slaves One of the first crops the Spanish brought to the West Indies was sugar cane. To process sugar, the Spanish enslaved the native Indians. When these slaves died off, land owners turned to Africa for slaves. That was the beginning of the huge African slave trade. Disease The Spanish didn’t know it, but they brought killer diseases to the native peoples of North and South America. Smallpox, measles and diptheria turned into mass killers. Up and down the Western hemisphere, native communities lost between 50 percent and 90 percent of their population to disease. Celebrations and Protests This year (1992) there will be thousands of celebrations of Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas. They will celebrate Columbus as a trailblazer, a man who risked danger to face the unknown, and a man who changed the world forever. In Seville, Spain, there will be the largest world’s fair in history honoring Columbus beginning in April. There will be some protests, too. Some Native American groups plan to hold their own world’s fair, probably in Mexico. It will represent a way of life they say Columbus and those who followed him helped to destroy. “Columbus began the long process that has led to the destruction of the Indian people,” says one American Indian leader. But Columbus’s many supporters think the great explorer is getting a bad rap. To them he is a still a hero -- a man who should be honored for what he did, and not be held responsible for all the bad things that happened in the 500 years since his great voyage. “Lets not forget the fact that what Columbus accomplished was possibly the most important thing that has happened since the birth of Christ,” says Frank Donatelli, chairman of the Christopher Columbus Jubilee Commission. How do YOU think Columbus should be remembered on the 500th anniversary of his landing in the New World?

24. Foods America  Europe

25. Potatoes  Write one note

26. Corn  Write one note

27. Europe  America Write one note

28. Animals

29. Europe  America Write one note

30. Slaves Write one note

31. Disease Types  Effect on Native Americans 

32. Celebrations and Protests

33. “Columbus began the long process that has led to the destruction of the Indian people.” Protests

34. A Changed World Even though Columbus didn’t know what he had discovered, his voyages (he made three more) changed the world forever. He opened the door for the collision of two ancient civilizations -- that of Native Americans and that of the Europeans. Here are some of the results of that fateful collision. Foods One of the most immediate and long-lasting results of the meeting of the New World and Old World deals with food. Some of the foods that European found in the New World were potatoes, tomatoes, corn, cacao, (chocolate), vanilla, peanuts, and pineapple. The potato in particular, became a vital food in some parts of Europe. It fed millions of Europeans and led to a major increase in Europe’s population during the 1800’s. orn, or maize, became a staple food in Africa and led to a population increase there. In return, the Europeans brought coffee, sugar cane, and bananas to the New World. Animals When Columbus landed, the only domesticated animals in the New World were dogs, guinea pigs and llamas. The Spanish brought pigs, cattle, and horses. Horses became the most important. Within a century after Columbus, herds of horses ran wild from northern Mexico to Argentina. By 1750, the Great Plains abounded with Indians on horseback. Slaves One of the first crops the Spanish brought to the West Indies was sugar cane. To process sugar, the Spanish enslaved the native Indians. When these slaves died off, land owners turned to Africa for slaves. That was the beginning of the huge African slave trade. Disease The Spanish didn’t know it, but they brought killer diseases to the native peoples of North and South America. Smallpox, measles and diptheria turned into mass killers. Up and down the Western hemisphere, native communities lost between 50 percent and 90 percent of their population to disease. Celebrations and Protests This year (1992) there will be thousands of celebrations of Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas. They will celebrate Columbus as a trailblazer, a man who risked danger to face the unknown, and a man who changed the world forever. In Seville, Spain, there will be the largest world’s fair in history honoring Columbus beginning in April. There will be some protests, too. Some Native American groups plan to hold their own world’s fair, probably in Mexico. It will represent a way of life they say Columbus and those who followed him helped to destroy. “Columbus began the long process that has led to the destruction of the Indian people,” says one American Indian leader. But Columbus’s many supporters think the great explorer is getting a bad rap. To them he is a still a hero -- a man who should be honored for what he did, and not be held responsible for all the bad things that happened in the 500 years since his great voyage. “Lets not forget the fact that what Columbus accomplished was possibly the most important thing that has happened since the birth of Christ,” says Frank Donatelli, chairman of the Christopher Columbus Jubilee Commission. How do YOU think Columbus should be remembered on the 500th anniversary of his landing in the New World?

35. “Let us not forget the fact that what Columbus accomplished was possibly the most important thing that has happened since the birth of Christ.”

36. A Changed World Even though Columbus didn’t know what he had discovered, his voyages (he made three more) changed the world forever. He opened the door for the collision of two ancient civilizations -- that of Native Americans and that of the Europeans. Here are some of the results of that fateful collision. Foods One of the most immediate and long-lasting results of the meeting of the New World and Old World deals with food. Some of the foods that European found in the New World were potatoes, tomatoes, corn, cacao, (chocolate), vanilla, peanuts, and pineapple. The potato in particular, became a vital food in some parts of Europe. It fed millions of Europeans and led to a major increase in Europe’s population during the 1800’s. orn, or maize, became a staple food in Africa and led to a population increase there. In return, the Europeans brought coffee, sugar cane, and bananas to the New World. Animals When Columbus landed, the only domesticated animals in the New World were dogs, guinea pigs and llamas. The Spanish brought pigs, cattle, and horses. Horses became the most important. Within a century after Columbus, herds of horses ran wild from northern Mexico to Argentina. By 1750, the Great Plains abounded with Indians on horseback. Slaves One of the first crops the Spanish brought to the West Indies was sugar cane. To process sugar, the Spanish enslaved the native Indians. When these slaves died off, land owners turned to Africa for slaves. That was the beginning of the huge African slave trade. Disease The Spanish didn’t know it, but they brought killer diseases to the native peoples of North and South America. Smallpox, measles and diptheria turned into mass killers. Up and down the Western hemisphere, native communities lost between 50 percent and 90 percent of their population to disease. Celebrations and Protests This year (1992) there will be thousands of celebrations of Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas. They will celebrate Columbus as a trailblazer, a man who risked danger to face the unknown, and a man who changed the world forever. In Seville, Spain, there will be the largest world’s fair in history honoring Columbus beginning in April. There will be some protests, too. Some Native American groups plan to hold their own world’s fair, probably in Mexico. It will represent a way of life they say Columbus and those who followed him helped to destroy. “Columbus began the long process that has led to the destruction of the Indian people,” says one American Indian leader. But Columbus’s many supporters think the great explorer is getting a bad rap. To them he is a still a hero -- a man who should be honored for what he did, and not be held responsible for all the bad things that happened in the 500 years since his great voyage. “Lets not forget the fact that what Columbus accomplished was possibly the most important thing that has happened since the birth of Christ,” says Frank Donatelli, chairman of the Christopher Columbus Jubilee Commission. How do YOU think Columbus should be remembered on the 500th anniversary of his landing in the New World?

37. How do YOU think Columbus should be remembered on the 500th anniversary of his landing in the New World?

38. The Fateful Voyage of Cristoforo Colombo This year -- 1992 -- the world will recognize the quincentenary (500th anniversary) of the most important voyage of discovery ever made. No voyage, before or since, changed the world so much as the first voyage of an Italian sea captain named Cristoforo Colombo, the man we know today as Christopher Columbus. For most of American history, Colmbus has been hailed as a hero - a courageous pathfinder who opened up half the world to exploration and progress. But today, as the world prepares to commemorate Columbus’s achievment, other voices are being heard. These are the voices of native Americans, African-Americans, and others who see Columbus not as a hero, but as a man who helped bring disease, slavery, and poverty to North and South America. Was Columbus a hero? or a villain? or perhaps both? The answer begins 500 years ago: For most pople living in the year 1492, the world was shrouded in darkness and mystery. North and South America were home to native peoples who knew nothing of the world beyond the Western hemisphere and little about the world beyond their village or town. In the “Old World” of Europe, people did not even know that North and South America existed. Many believed that the unexplored regions of the world were places full of monsters and devils. Trade Routes In Europe of the 1400s, there was a large and growing sea trade with the “Indies” - India and China. The centers of this trade were Spain and Portugal. Ships sailed east from Spanish and Portugese ports around Africa to India and China. A growing number of people, however, began to think that sailing west might actually be a more direct away to reach the Indies. Among the strongest advocates of this western route was an Italian named Cristoforo Columbo or Columbus. Columbus was a sailor who had once sailed to Iceland where he heard stories of “a vast land in the distant west,” which he supposed to be the Indies. Columbus drew up plans for a voyage of discovery that would open up such a western sea route to the Indies. He sent the plans to the King of Portugal and the King and Queen of Spain. The King of Portugal was not interested. But -- after much effort -- Columbus recieved support from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. The Voyage Begins On Friday, the third of August, 1492, Columbus left the Spanish port of Palos with three little ships -- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The ships were manned by a crew of 88 men, many of whom were prisoners who had been promised freedom if they joined the expedition. Several times the ships were caught in the windless seas. More than once the crew was ready to mutiny if Columbus did not turn back. At 2 a.m. on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, land was sighted. Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean now named San Salvador. He was certain that he had discovered an outlying island of India. The redskinned people he found on the island he called “Los Indios,” the spanish word for inhabitants of India. Columbus never knew the truth. He died in the firm belief that he had found a direct route to India and China.

39. A Changed World Even though Columbus didn’t know what he had discovered, his voyages (he made three more) changed the world forever. He opened the door for the collision of two ancient civilizations -- that of Native Americans and that of the Europeans. Here are some of the results of that fateful collision. Foods One of the most immediate and long-lasting results of the meeting of the New World and Old World deals with food. Some of the foods that European found in the New World were potatoes, tomatoes, corn, cacao, (chocolate), vanilla, peanuts, and pineapple. The potato in particular, became a vital food in some parts of Europe. It fed millions of Europeans and led to a major increase in Europe’s population during the 1800’s. orn, or maize, became a staple food in Africa and led to a population increase there. In return, the Europeans brought coffee, sugar cane, and bananas to the New World. Animals When Columbus landed, the only domesticated animals in the New World were dogs, guinea pigs and llamas. The Spanish brought pigs, cattle, and horses. Horses became the most important. Within a century after Columbus, herds of horses ran wild from northern Mexico to Argentina. By 1750, the Great Plains abounded with Indians on horseback. Slaves One of the first crops the Spanish brought to the West Indies was sugar cane. To process sugar, the Spanish enslaved the native Indians. When these slaves died off, land owners turned to Africa for slaves. That was the beginning of the huge African slave trade. Disease The Spanish didn’t know it, but they brought killer diseases to the native peoples of North and South America. Smallpox, measles and diptheria turned into mass killers. Up and down the Western hemisphere, native communities lost between 50 percent and 90 percent of their population to disease. Celebrations and Protests This year (1992) there will be thousands of celebrations of Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas. They will celebrate Columbus as a trailblazer, a man who risked danger to face the unknown, and a man who changed the world forever. In Seville, Spain, there will be the largest world’s fair in history honoring Columbus beginning in April. There will be some protests, too. Some Native American groups plan to hold their own world’s fair, probably in Mexico. It will represent a way of life they say Columbus and those who followed him helped to destroy. “Columbus began the long process that has led to the destruction of the Indian people,” says one American Indian leader. But Columbus’s many supporters think the great explorer is getting a bad rap. To them he is a still a hero -- a man who should be honored for what he did, and not be held responsible for all the bad things that happened in the 500 years since his great voyage. “Lets not forget the fact that what Columbus accomplished was possibly the most important thing that has happened since the birth of Christ,” says Frank Donatelli, chairman of the Christopher Columbus Jubilee Commission. How do YOU think Columbus should be remembered on the 500th anniversary of his landing in the New World?

40. What was more important, Christopher Columbus landing in America or Neil Armstrong walking on the moon? (1 - 2 paragraphs)

41. Columbus or Armstrong? *You must begin with a thesis statement/ topic sentence: (must have a subject & opinion) " ________  __________ ________  __________ ____ was more important than  ________  __________ ________  ________ __________ because ...." *Explain the impact that this event had on the U.S. (& the world) *You must have at least 3 "concrete details", examples that support your thesis statement (underline these) *Explain why you did NOT pick the other person: " ________  __________ was not as important because..." *You must end with a concluding sentence (it is all commentary, does not repeat a line from your paper, & gives a finished feeling to your whole paragraph).

42. Great Plains You have 3 minutes to study your “Physical Relief Map”

43. 10