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Using crystals facilitates the LHC upgrade

Victor Tikhomirov Institute for Nuclear Problems Minsk. INP. Using crystals facilitates the LHC upgrade. Outline The LHC luminosity upgrade Beam halo scraping by crystals Volume reflection of particles in bent crystals Volume reflection amplification by crystal axes

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Using crystals facilitates the LHC upgrade

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  1. Victor Tikhomirov Institute for Nuclear Problems Minsk INP Using crystals facilitates the LHC upgrade

  2. Outline The LHC luminosity upgrade Beam halo scraping by crystals Volume reflection of particles in bent crystals Volume reflection amplification by crystal axes Channeling capture increase by thecrystal cut Conclusions INP

  3. The LHC upgrade need INP Fifteen years of planning and R&D, followed by over 10 years of construction, should be followed by a comparable period of exploitation. Luminosity upgrade: Energy upgrade: What is better?

  4. Luminosity upgrade in more effective at M < 3.5 TeV ssss

  5. Statistics is too low for a clear separation among possible models at integrated luminosity of 100fb-1 ssss

  6. INP Thus, the luminosity upgrade have to be very effective ssss

  7. However luminosity increase will intensify the beam halo formation INP ssss

  8. INP Halo sources: –beam physics and operational instabilities – intra beam scattering – scattering with residual gas – synchrotron radiation – collective instabilities … ssss

  9. Collimation is used to scrape the halo ssss

  10. Crystals improve collimation efficiency ssss

  11. Crystalsare used in both channeling and volume reflection regimes ssss

  12. Crystals bending ssss

  13. How it must look at the LHC INP Proton absorption crystal ssss

  14. Background reduction by channeling atFNAL INP Deflection of channeling protons reduce the background more than 4 times ssss

  15. Volume Reflection prediction INP A.M.Taratin and S.A.Vorobiev, Phys.Lett. A119 (1987) 425 and A.M.Taratin and S.A.Vorobiev, NIM in PR B26 (1987) 512 ssss

  16. Volume reflection CERN H8-RD22 experiment Sept 2006 INP Volume capture Volume reflection channeling ssss

  17. Volume reflection by crystal axes INP ssss

  18. Axes form reflecting planes INP ssss

  19. Protons are reflected from many crystal plane sets of one crystal INP ssss

  20. Reflection from many crystal planes increase VR angle 4 times - 1 INP ssss

  21. Reflection from many crystal planes increase VR angle 4 times - 2 INP ssss

  22. Typical distribution of multiple reflected protons ssss

  23. INP Reflection from different crystal planes allows to increase the volume reflection angle about 4 times ssss

  24. The capture probability can be increased by a plane cut INP ssss

  25. Transverse energy reductionby the cut - 1 INP The cut diminishes the potential energy conserving the transverse kinetic one ssss

  26. Transverse energy reductionby the cut - 2 INP Only 1-2% of protons avoid the transverse energy reduction by the cut ssss

  27. Proton phase space transformation by the cut Protons are moved away from the high nuclear density regions ssss

  28. Dechanneling suppression by the cut INP The cut decreases the dechanneling probability from 18 to 1-2% ssss

  29. A pair of crystals with cuts bent in orthogonal planes allows to deflect 99.9% of protons ssss

  30. INP The cut allows to increase the proton (nuclei) deflection efficiency and to decrease the accompanying proton absorption by 1-2 orders of magnitude ssss

  31. INP Conclusion: The LHC luminosity upgrade acquired new technical means which need further investigation ssss

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