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The Road to Revolution: (1763-1776)

The Road to Revolution: (1763-1776). Was the American Revolution Inevitable??. Let’s Backtrack a Little…. The Navigation Acts (1650) Colonists were required to transport goods only on British ships Certain goods (sugar, tobacco, indigo, furs) could only go to England.

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The Road to Revolution: (1763-1776)

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  1. The Road to Revolution: (1763-1776)

  2. Was the American Revolution Inevitable??

  3. Let’s Backtrack a Little… The Navigation Acts (1650) • Colonists were required to transport goods only on British ships • Certain goods (sugar, tobacco, indigo, furs) could only go to England. • Imported goods must be purchased from England or pay taxes in British port if purchased from a foreign nation Purpose: To make England a wealthy nation

  4. Proclamation of 1763 • All lands west of the Appalachians reserved for Indians • British Reason: • To stop conflict between the Colonists and the Indians and save them $ Colonial Reaction: • Frustrated and thought this was an attempt to limit freedom

  5. Sugar Act 1764 • Decreased duty on imported molasses in an attempt to stop bribes; put new taxes on indigo, sugar, coffee, wine and textiles. • Violators tried in admiralty courts not local courts British Reason: • Raise revenue “for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing” -Grenville Colonial Reaction: • FURIOUS! How dare they? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXJ_Zde4hjg

  6. Currency Act 1764 • Colonist forbidden to make paper money legal tender • British Reason: • British merchants worried about the loss of value of Virginia’s paper money. All taxes were to be paid in specie Colonial Reaction: • Specie would leave the colonies to pay the troops (form of taxes). Colonists would be left without money. They resorted to the barter system to bypass the law

  7. Quartering Act 1765 Colonists must supply British troops with living quarters, bedding, food, beer, cider and rum. British Reason: • Most soldiers quartered in public buildings, but when away from cities would need to be in private homes. Colonial Reaction: • Most refused to comply

  8. Stamp Act 1765 • Required stamp tax on all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, dice, and all other printed material. • Violators tried by Admiralty Courts. • British Reason: • To raise revenue Colonial Reaction: • Colonists burned tax collectors in effigy and tarred and feathered them

  9. Movie Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEKXXFlpkTM

  10. Tar and Feathering

  11. Virginia Stamp Act Resolution • VA House of Burgesses passed a resolution stating only THEY had the right to tax Virginians. • Colonial Reason: • First colonial legislature to stand up to Britain. Introduced by Patrick Henry. • Colonial Reaction: • The colonists were happy. No TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

  12. Sons of Liberty • Formed by Samuel Adams • Original purpose: to protest the Stamp Act • Protested against taxes • Sometimes used intimidation and physical violence to achieve their goals Colonial Reaction: • Many agreed with the Sons of Liberty, but a large number felt they were too radical

  13. Stamp Act Congress 1765 • Representatives from nine colonies meet to discuss action. GA, NC, VA, NH did not send delegates. • Colonial Reason: • To condemn the Stamp tax and define virtual representation Colonial Reaction: • Many colonies agreed not to import any British goods until the Stamp Tax was repealed

  14. Stamp Act Repealed 1766 • Repealed the stamp tax • British Reason: • In response to the colonial protest, violence, the nonimportation agreements and most of all avoidance of a civil war in the colonies Colonial Reaction: • The colonists are happy again. Well, at least for a moment

  15. 1766 Declaratory Act • Parliament affirms that it has the right and the power to make laws that bind the colonies in ALL cases. Smartly, they left out the word TAX • British Reason: • A face saving response to the repeal of the Stamp Tax. (however, the British still thought they had the right to tax). HUM? Colonial Reaction: • Colonists agreed that Parliament had the right to pass laws, but not tax. No one seemed to understand that this was all based on misunderstanding of the difference in external and internal taxes.

  16. Townsend Acts 1767 • Taxed paint, lead, glass, paper, and tea. Customs officials could search private buildings at any time. Accused tried without Jury. Suspended the NY assembly because Quartering Act was not being followed. • British Reason: • Townsend had a hard line policy towards the colonists and planned force them to comply Colonial Reaction: • Colonists felt these acts violated all the rights they had as Englishmen and boycotted all taxed goods.

  17. Trouble in Boston • Ship, Liberty, seized in 1768 for having illegal goods • Owned by John Hancock • Violence in Boston in protest to the taxes & to the seizure of ships • British troops occupy city in response

  18. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

  19. 1770 Boston “Massacre” • March 5, 1770 a group of colonists were taunting and throwing snowballs at British soldiers. Shots were fired and 5 were killed, including Crispus Attucks. 6 were wounded. • Colonial Reaction: • Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty fueled the propaganda machine and proclaimed this a “Massacre”. The colonists were minding their own business and were fired upon. However the truth is much different

  20. Another Movie! Wow. . .Miss Cummings is the BEST! http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre

  21. 1770 Repeal of the Townshend Acts • Lord North, first lord of the Treasury urges Parliament to repeal all taxes except tax on tea • Colonial Reaction: • Colonists were still resentful. • The tea tax was a slap in the face

  22. As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts, British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order The port of Boston was closed Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign

  23. Tea Act (1773) • New act, lowered price of tea but required colonists to buy it from the East India Company • Why do you think colonists preferred to buy more expensive tea on the black market? • Colonists Reaction. . .

  24. Boston Tea Party 1773 • 3 Ships were anchored in Boston Harbor • Ordered by governor to unload cargo of tea • Threatened by colonists – told not to unload • December 16th – at night, patriots dressed as Native Americans boarded the ships & threw 90,000 lbs. of tea overboard

  25. British Response to The Boston Tea Party The "Intolerable Acts"

  26. The Intolerable Acts (1765-1774) • Quartering Act (1765) • Colonies must supply and house British troops • Boston Port Bill (1774) • Closes Boston Harbor until tea is paid for • Administration of Justice Act (1774) • British officials could not be charged w/ a crime • Massachusetts Government Act (1774) • Massachusetts charter is revoked • Quebec Act (1774) • Canada given more territory, taken away from VA, CT & MA

  27. Objectives You will be able to explain the conflict between Native Americans and British Settlers in 1763. You will be able to describe how the colonists responded to British tax laws. You will be able to describe what happened during the Boston Massacre.

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