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The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s - 1776

The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s - 1776. Deep Roots & Growing Divisions. I. “Salutary Neglect” II. Ideology and Indians III. Losing Control A. Identity and Colonial Nationalism B. Taxation and Resistance IV. Protest to Revolution A. Self-governance and independence.

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The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s - 1776

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  1. The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s - 1776

  2. Deep Roots & Growing Divisions • I. “Salutary Neglect” • II. Ideology and Indians • III. Losing Control • A. Identity and Colonial Nationalism • B. Taxation and Resistance • IV. Protest to Revolution • A. Self-governance and independence

  3. Underneath “Salutary Neglect” • I. Glorious Revolution • A. Reaction to absolutism • of King James, 1680’s • B. “Rights” and liberty • C. Colonists gain confidence • II. “left colonists alone” III. Divergent ideas of equality and representation

  4. Social Differences • I. Weak Aristocracy • A. Less hereditary power • II. More “open” land • A. Geographical mobility

  5. Imperial Conflicts • I. French, Spanish and British Empires • A. Power, land and wealth • B. Constant warfare • 1. King William’s War, 1688-97 • 2. Queen Anne’s War, 1702-14 • 3. King George’s War, 1739-48 • 4. French and Indian War, 1754-60 (7 Year’s War) • C. Angered colonies and Indians • D. Funded wars by increasing colonial taxes

  6. Grand Settlement of 1701 • Iroquois neutrality • 1701-1750s • Play off Fr vs. Br • Keep trade • Protect Great Lakes to the Ohio Valley

  7. Country Ideology “Whig” • Reaction to taxes and Br Military • Feared power of the state • Threat to liberty and property • Blended with debates over taxation and representation • Elitist

  8. French and Indian War, 1754-1760

  9. French and Indian War • I. Colonists in Ohio Valley • A. Fr & Indians attack west frontier • B. Albany Congress, 1754 failed • C. 1756 became “7 Years War” • II. Iroquois Confederacy • A. Refused to give up land • B. Neutral since 1701 • C. Iroquois ally w/ Br in 1760 • III. William Pitt, Sec. State • A. Crushed French

  10. Battle of Bushy Run, PA (1763)

  11. Treaty of Paris, 1763 • I. Ends War • A. French eliminated • B. Lost land east of Mississippi River • C. Kept New Orleans • II. Sp. gets land west of Miss. • III. Br. gets Florida

  12. Proclamation of 1763 • I. Line down the • Appalachians • II. No growth • III. British Troops • V. Angered colonies

  13. Significance of French and Indian War • I. French influence declined • II. British power expanded • III. Direct taxes for war debt • IV. Br. increased military presence • V. Conflicts between Br. and colonists

  14. Native Responses & Views • I. Excluded from Treaty • II. Pan-Indian Response • A. Neolin • B. Pontiac (Ottowa) • C. Pontiac’s Rebellion • 1763-6 • D. Attack from G.L. to VA • E. Sir Jeffrey Amherst • III. Centralize Indian Policy

  15. Growing Tensions • Colonists resent taxes • Want to expand • Dislike “interference” from Crown • End of “salutary neglect” • Different political ideologies

  16. Colonial “Nationalism” • I. Nationalism A. Common experiences B. Military service C. Print media D. Political beliefs E. Becoming “Americans”

  17. Protest to Revolution • I. Quartering Act 1765 A. Troops • II. Sugar Act 1765 A. Raise revenue B. External, trade • III. Stamp Act 1765 A. Internal tax B. Direct tax C. Angered colonists

  18. Tar and Feathering a Tax Collector

  19. Inching Towards Revolution • I. Taxation without representation • II. Sons of Liberty, Sam Adams • III. Crown increased colonial administration • IV. Townsend Revenue Acts 1767-- • A. Non-Importation/boycotts • B. Personal-political-nationalistic

  20. Boston Massacre, 1770 • I. Sons of Liberty • II. British troops • III. Public protests • IV. Shots erupt into “massacre” • V. Exaggerated

  21. Committees of Correspondence 1772-4 • I. Local political organizations • II. Reaction to royal abuses • III. Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson • IV. Inter-Colonial cooperation & communication • V. Leadership until Continental Congresses

  22. Tea Tax 1773 • Monopoly for British East Indian Tea Co • Taxed tea purchases • Boston Sons of Liberty stopped ships • December 1773 dumped tea

  23. Boston Tea Party 1773

  24. First Continental Congress 1774 • I. Growing Br. Control A. Intolerable Acts, esp. Mass Charter • II. Philadelphia, 1774 A. Did not want war B. Committed to Br. crown C. Boycotts & Unity • III. Committees of Observation and Safety A. “Local governments”

  25. Verge of Revolution, 1775 • I. Lexington and Concord, MASS • II. Second Congress, 1775 • A. Colonial army • B. General Washington • C. Olive Branch Petition to King George III • III. Thomas Paine, Common Sense • A. Rational argument for rebellion and independence • IV. British seized American ships

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