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Amity In-Prison Therapeutic Community: Preliminary Five-Year Outcomes

Amity In-Prison Therapeutic Community: Preliminary Five-Year Outcomes. Michael L. Prendergast, Ph.D, Principal Investigator Elizabeth A. Hall, Ph.D., Project Director Harry Wexler, Ph.D., Co-Investigator Research Supported by NIDA Grant R01 DA11483. Aims.

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Amity In-Prison Therapeutic Community: Preliminary Five-Year Outcomes

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  1. Amity In-Prison Therapeutic Community: Preliminary Five-Year Outcomes Michael L. Prendergast, Ph.D, Principal Investigator Elizabeth A. Hall, Ph.D., Project Director Harry Wexler, Ph.D., Co-Investigator Research Supported by NIDA Grant R01 DA11483 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  2. Aims • To assess long-term post-treatment outcomes of a prison-based TC program • To determine differential outcomes within selected subgroups • Toexamine factors that contribute to the long-term recovery of those who did not participate in treatment UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  3. Aims • To conduct secondary analyses of data previously collected • To conduct a cost analysis of the prison TC program and the TC continuing care program UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  4. Subjects • 715 inmates enrolled in or on a waiting list for a prison-based therapeutic community drug treatment program (1993-1995) • Randomly selected comparison group • Housed in a Level 3 prison in San Diego • Those completing treatment were eligible for TC aftercare at Amity Vista upon release UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  5. Subjects • Male • White 37.8%, Hispanic 30.1%, African American 22.4% • Average age at follow up: 38 years (range, 26 to 72) • Low educational attainment • Primarily users of cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin • Highly violent, with 75% having committed assault, kidnapping, rape, or murder • Average number of arrests (lifetime) at baseline: 27 • Average number of incarcerations (lifetime) at baseline: 17 • Average number of years in prison (lifetime) at baseline: 6 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  6. Methods Five-year follow-up interviews : • 576 completed (80% of original sample) • Face-to-face • Many interviews were conducted in jails and prisons • Modified NDRI follow-up instrument and DARC’s Natural History instrument • Urine samples (31% of completed sample) • Hair samples (19% of completed sample) UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  7. Findings at Years 1, 2, and 3 Calculated from Lowe, Wexler, & Peters (1998), Wexler, De Leon, Kressel, & Peters (1999) Wexler Melnick, Lowe, & Peters (1999). UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  8. Results Self-reported drug use in past year for those in prison/jail less than 30 days (N=180)* *p < .05 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  9. Results Treatment groups: Self-reported drug use past year for those in prison/jail less than 30 days (N=113)1 1p = .12 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  10. Results Urinalysis (N=179)1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  11. Results Treatment groups: Urinalysis (N=109) 1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  12. Results Mean days incarcerated past year1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  13. Results Treatment groups: Mean days incarcerated past year*** ***p < .0001 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  14. Results Employed past year1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  15. Results Treatment groups: Employed past year*** ***p < .0001 UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  16. Results Received treatment past year1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  17. Results Treatment groups: Received treatment past year1 1 n.s. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  18. Discussion • 5 year results are similar to 3 year results: No difference in outcomes between treatment and comparison groups. • Among treatment groups, those who completed Vista TC aftercare performed significantly better on employment and incarceration measures. UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

  19. Future Analyses • Differential effects by • severity of use • risk status • psychological status • motivation • subsequent treatment • Cost analysis UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

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