Do Orange and Green Clash?

1. Do Orange and Green Clash? Residential Segregation in Northern Ireland

2. Residential Segregation • People of the same social class, occupation, race, ethnicity and religion often cluster together • Residential segregation and be voluntary or involuntary, it can be difficult to separate

3. Enclaves • Residential clusters that occur when people choose to live together • Little Saigon in LA • Little Havana in Miami • Retirement communities

4. Ghettos • Ghettos are products of involuntary segregation • Discriminatory practices in housing and labor markets (US) • Early Chinatowns • African Americans in the north (Great Migration)

5. Racial Segregation in Los Angeles, CA. White Anglos are found in beach communities and in newly built suburbs. The black community is highly concentrated in a large area south of the downtown. Asians or Pacific Islanders are also concentrated but into smaller, more scattered notes of settlement, reflecting their diverse ethnic makeup. The settlement of Hispanics, the largest racial and ethnic minority group in LA represents the reverse of white-Anglos. For the most part, they are numerous in places where white-Anglos are absent

6. Degree of Segregation • Social distance measures the likelihood that dissimilar groups will interact with one another • This can influence the degree of assimilation for minority groups • Segregation Indices measure the degree of segregation • Spatial divergence occurs if the two groups become spatially more segregated • Spatial convergence occurs if they become spatially more integrated.

7. Segregation Index index of dissimilarity 0 1 complete segregation complete integration (p. 347)

8. Segregation Indices in US Metropolitan Areas at the Census Tract Level, by Ethnicity

9. Case Study: Do Orange and Green Clash? • Ireland remained Catholic while Great Britain became Protestant • The British took over Ireland (1601) and used a plantation system to alter the ethnic composition • Land was taken away from local Irish aristocrats and given to British aristocrats • By 1700, less than 1% of Irish land was still in Irish Catholic hands • ¾ of the island ethnic composition did not change much and remained mostly Catholic • Ulster Plantation in the North had a history of rebellion so the British encouraged many Scots and English to move there.

10. Remnants of a castle in County Fermanagh built by Protestants in the early 1600s and now serving as a tourist attraction. Figure 12.3 (p. 339)

11. 1921: ¾ of Ireland gained independence, the Irish Free State (1949 became Republic of Ireland) • Since 1969 Northern Ireland has been troubled by terrorist acts and political killings by both sides • Irish Republican Army • Both sides promote their group identity • Protestants join the Orange Order • Catholic Irish adopted green after their homeland the Emerald Isle

12. What does the Republic of Ireland’s flag represent?

13. Case Study • In activity 1 you will look at the population change between the Protestants and Catholics from 1971 to 2011 • Create the choropleth maps, print and then answer questions 1.1-1.4 • In activity 2 you will measure the residential segregation of Protestants from Catholics • Create the spreadsheets, print and then answer the questions