Clean and Sustainable Technologies: An Overview

1. Clean and Sustainable Technologies: An Overview Robert A. Hawsey Director, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Program December 11, 2007

2. Industry 377 MMTC (25%) Buildings 658 MMTC (43%) Transportation 482 MMTC (32%) Buildings use 53% of U.S. Natural Gas Buildings use 71% of U.S. Electricity Three “End-Use Sectors” of the U.S. Economy Contribute to Carbon Emissions 1970-2020 (Exxon Mobile Projection) Presentation_name

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4. 2009 Ford PIHEV (announced Nov. 7) Presentation_name

5. Building Technologies:Platform for Technology Integration • Zero energy homes by 2020 & Zero energy buildings by 2025 • Buildings as renewable energy deployment platforms Presentation_name

6. We can build ~50% Saver Homes--- now must seek ways to motivate volume/affordability and get to ZEH Presentation_name

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8. Opportunities for improved efficiency in buildings are enormous. Building Systems (“whole-systems”) Design tools System Integration On-Site Power Systems Building Integrated Photovoltaics Fuel Cells Building Envelope Windows, Walls, Floors Building Equipment Space conditioning Lights Appliances BIPV, PEM-FC Buildings consist of a complex system of interacting components facing variable input conditions Materials Intensity Presentation_name

9. Buildings: must develop deep-savings components to enable zero-energy,demand-responsive buildings Whole-house energy savings: 40% use;40% peak periods over “Energy Star” homes Partner TBA Heat pump water heater: 50% energy savings Whole-houseenergy savings: 70% use;80% peak periods Ground-source IHP: Saves 50%on H, C, WH, D Partner TBA Air-source IHP:Saves 50% on H, C,WH, D in mild areas Appliances, suites, whole-home E-mgmt Integrationof today’stechnology Integration of emerging technologies from partners Partner TBA ZEHcore wall and SIPssave energy and cost Zero-energy homes shown (zero-energy commercial buildings similar) Presentation_name

10. “Near-Zero Energy Homes” help with demand reduction during the peaks ZEH4, a 1,200 ft2 Habitat for Humanity house in the research park in Harmony Heights, Lenoir City, Tennessee Ambient temperatures compared with temperatures in ZEH5 on August 16, 2007, the day that TVA met its all-time high demand for electrical power. Demand for electricity was lowest at the hottest part of the day on August 16, 2007. Presentation_name

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12. Sustainable Transportation will have many attributes • 100 mpge Automobiles • Drive-by-wire • Adaptive Control • Intelligent Safety Features • Renewable Energy • Improved Mobility • Transportation Security • National Competitiveness Modeling & Simulation Scientific Discovery Alternative Energy Sources Oil shale Nanocomposites Membranes Non-petroleum fuels Efficient Vehicle Technology High-efficiency clean combustion Advanced Materials Electrification Transportation Logistics, Planning, & Analysis Graphical Information Systems Intelligent Transportation Systems Adaptive Decision Tools Technology Innovation Presentation_name

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15. Evaluated Saab 9-5 Biopower,a flex-fuel vehicle (FFV) optimizedfor ethanol fuel Biofueled engine research • Validated Saab engine optimization technology, compared to U.S.-legal FFVs that are “ethanol-tolerant” gasoline vehicles • Power and acceleration increase about 20% on E85,vs little to no increase in U.S. FFVs • On an energy basis (miles per BTU or km per Joule),Saab9-5 vehicle is 3–4% better than U.S. FFVs in city driving • Determined Saab Biopower emissions to be within U.S. EPA regulated levels on both gasoline and E85 Presentation_name

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17. Crop residues • Perennial crops – switchgrass, poplar, willow • Forest residues • Urban wood residues The GOAL is Low Cost & Environmentally Sustainable Systems For Producing Biomass Presentation_name

18. Bioenergy Science Centers are distributed nation-wide UW Cal ORNL Presentation_name

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20. Industrial Technologies offer opportunities for energy intensity reduction and displacement of fossil fuels Industrial Reaction and Separation High Temperature Materials Processes Develop energy efficient high-temperature process technologies for producing metals and non-metallic minerals Develop technologies for efficient reaction and separation processes • Advanced Metal Heating and Reheating • Advanced Melting • Efficient Heat Treating • High Efficiency Calcining • Next-Generation Steelmaking • Oxidation Processes • Microchannel Reactors • Hybrid Distillation • Alternative Processes • Advanced Water Removal Fuel & Feedstock Flexibility Industry Specific Application Promote energy diversity and independence by increasing the range of fuels competitively available to industry, the largest natural gas consuming sector in U.S. Technology Demonstration to Reduce Technical Risks • SuperBoiler • Isothermal Melter • Ultra-hard materials • Industrial wireless technologies • Accelerate market adoption • Process Integration R&D • Technology Validation Presentation_name

22. PV fits nearly everywhere 210-KW system at SMUD substation Boston The Pentagon Rural water pumping in N. Dakota Roof shingles- no more ugly panels! Presentation_name

23. Solar Technologies offer sustainable local sources of clean electricity Presentation_name

24. BP Solar Powered Gas Stations 250 sites in 16 countries(Solar Design Associates) “largest deployment of photovoltaics ever undertaken” Presentation_name

25. Hydropower- kinetic energy a new twist • new directions of wind-hydro integration, hydrokinetic turbines, wave energy technologies • More testing and demonstration are needed to understand design tradeoffs (energy vs environment) • Research opportunities include environmental science and hydraulic engineering, computational fluid dynamics, and advanced materials • Hydropower is an important part of the Energy~Water Nexus Presentation_name

26. Adapted from: EPRI: “The Power to Reduce CO2 Emissions,” 2007. (Steam) Cleaner coal use as a sustainable technology • Coal-fired power plants are major contributors to air pollution, but they cannot be phased out quickly • Implementation of carbon management strategies on current coal-fired plants has the potential to make a large reduction in CO2 emissions in a relatively short time • aiming for best practically attainable levels (rather than 100% removal) would produce significant changes in the shortest time • the level of CO2 reduction could be ramped up as technologies evolve Presentation_name

27. Deep-Savings EE/RE Solutions for Buildings are Potentially Less Costly Than Business-As-Usual • Incentives may be less costly than the avoided supply-side investments Presentation_name

28. EE Measures Could Keep U.S. CO2 Emissions Constant to 2030 as the Economy Doubles • And RE could make deep cuts below today’s levels Presentation_name

29. Energy efficiency may be the “first choice” and lowest-cost option to help meet increasing demand---what do these data look like for the south? Figure courtesy of Art Rosenfeld, California Energy Commission Presentation_name

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31. www.ornl.gov Presentation_name