Global Research and Education Networking and the Emerging US RON Role

1. Global Research and Education Networking and the Emerging US RON Role Heather Boyles Internet2 heather@internet2.edu LEARN Meeting Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi 8 December 2005

2. Overview • Research and Education Networking Around the World • An overview of what’s where and who’s doing what • Trends in infrastructure, organization, technologies, use • Regional Optical Networks • Role in national infrastructure development • LEARN in the world

3. International Partnerships • Strategic importance to Internet2 • Global collaborations • Science, research, education are increasingly global • Require an equivalent GLOBAL leading edge networking capability – through partners around the world • System Interoperability • Joint development of new technologies • International Partner Program: • Forms partnerships between organizations with similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies • Supports activities of Internet2 membership • Fosters the development of effective partnerships/NREN’s in other countries

4. Current International Partners Asia-Pacific Americas AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ANF (Korea) CERNET/CSTNET/ NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC/UNINET (Thailand) NGI-NZ (New Zealand) SingAREN (Singapore) TANet2 (Taiwan) CANARIE (Canada) CEDIA (Ecuador)CLARA (Latin America & Caribbean) CNTI (Venezuela) CR2NET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP [FAPESP] (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) Europe Africa ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) FCCN (Portugal) GARR (Italy) GIP- RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) PSNC/PIONER (Poland) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) MCIT [EUN/ENSTIN] (Egypt) TENET (South Africa) Related Partnerships APRU (Asia/Pacific) IEEAF World Bank Middle East Israel-IUCC (Israel) Qatar Foundation (Qatar)

5. US International Connectivity • Links between the US and other countries funded through various sources • Outside the US: many of our partners procure and operate links from their country to the US • US-funded: • US NSF provides funding through IRNC (was HPIIS) program for some links • DOE provides some funding for CERN-procured and operated links to US • Internet2 funds used for some connectivity • Donations: IEEAF has made donations from Tyco Telecom available to the R&E networking community

6. International connectivity September 2005

7. Networks reachable via Abilene Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Americas Austria (ACOnet) Belgium (BELNET) Croatia (CARNet) Czech Rep. (CESNET) Cyprus (CYNET) Denmark (Forskningsnettet) Estonia (EENet) Finland (Funet) France (Renater) Germany (G-WIN) Greece (GRNET) Hungary (HUNGARNET) Iceland (RHnet) Ireland (HEAnet) Israel (IUCC) Italy (GARR) Jordan (JUNET) Latvia (LATNET) Lithuania (LITNET) Luxembourg (RESTENA) Malta (Univ. Malta) Netherlands (SURFnet) Norway (UNINETT) Palestinian Territories (Gov’t Computing Center) Poland (POL34) Portugal (RCTS2) Qatar (Qatar FN) Romania (RoEduNet)Russia (RBnet) Slovakia (SANET) Slovenia (ARNES) Spain (RedIRIS) Sweden (SUNET) Switzerland (SWITCH) Syria (HIAST) United Kingdom (JANET) Turkey (ULAKBYM) *CERN Australia (AARNET) China (CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET) Fiji (USP-SUVA) Hong Kong (HARNET) Japan (SINET, WIDE, JGN2) Korea (KOREN, KREONET2) New Zealand (NGI-NZ) Philippines (PREGINET) Singapore (SingAREN) Taiwan (TANet2, ASNet) Thailand (UNINET, ThaiSARN) Argentina (RETINA) Brazil (RNP2/ANSP) Canada (CA*net) Chile (REUNA) Costa Rica (CR2Net) Mexico (Red-CUDI) United States (Abilene)Panama (RedCyT) Peru (RAAP) Uruguay (RAU2) Venezuela (REACCIUN2) Africa Central Asia Algeria (CERIST) Egypt (EUN/ENSTIN) Morocco (CNRST) Tunisia (RFR) South Africa (TENET) Armenia (ARENA) Georgia (GRENA) Kazakhstan (KAZRENA) Tajikistan (TARENA) Uzbekistan (UZSCI) More information at http://abilene.internet2.edu/peernetworks/international.html

8. Transit via peer networks • GEANT – pan-European network • GEANT2 backbone interconnects European National RENs • Trans-Atlantic connectivity [US- Europe] • Multiple links • European-funded connectivity to other regions than Europe • SEEREN (southeastern Europe) • ALICE (Latin America) • TEIN2 (Southeast Asia) • EUMEDCONNECT (Mediterranean)

9. NRENs in general • The NREN concept continues to be popular; New NRENs in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East – Pakistan, New Zealand, Jordan • Typically one per country • Connects universities • Sometime also connects government research labs • Other education institutions • Not-for-profit model or government/ministry-based • Continuum from commercial access, to reliable-leading-edge (production) to experimental to network research facilitating networks • But most efforts focused on high-performance, leading-edge needs of high-end science (e.g., UK e-Science, US CyberInfrastructure) and high-end research, education, clinical needs

10. TERENA Compendium • Revised & Published Annually • Current edition • 51 NREN Entries • 31 of which are TERENA Members • http://www.terena.nl/compendium/ African Research & Education Networking26 September 2005, Geneva.

11. NRENs around the world Last updated: September 2005 Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Americas Austria (ACOnet) Belgium (BELNET) Bulgaria (ISTF) Croatia (CARNet) Czech Rep. (CESNET) Cyprus (CYNET) Denmark (Forskningsnettet) Estonia (EENet) Finland (Funet) France (Renater) Germany (G-WIN) Greece (GRNET) Hungary (NIIF) Iceland (RHnet) Ireland (HEAnet) Israel (IUCC) Italy (GARR) Latvia (LATNET) Lithuania (LITNET) Luxembourg (RESTENA) Malta (Univ. Malta) Netherlands (SURFnet) Norway (UNINETT) Poland (PSNC) Portugal (FCCN) Qatar (Qatar FN) Romania (RoEduNet)Russia (RBnet) Slovakia (SANET) Slovenia (ARNES) Spain (RedIRIS) Sweden (SUNET) Switzerland (SWITCH) United Kingdom (JANET) Turkey (ULAKBYM) Australia (AARNET) China (CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET) Hong Kong (HARNET) Japan (SINET, WIDE, JGN2) Korea (KOREN, KREONET2) Malaysia (MYREN) New Zealand (REANNZ) Philippines (PREGINET) Singapore (SingAREN) Taiwan (TANet2, ASNet) Thailand (UNINET,ThaiSARN) Argentina (RETINA) Bolivia (BOLNET) Brazil (RNP2/ANSP) Canada (CA*net) Chile (REUNA) Costa Rica (CR2NET) Ecuador (CEDIA) El Salvador (RAICES) Guatemala (RAGIE) Mexico (Red-CUDI) Nicaragua (RENIA) Panama (RedCYT) Paraguay (Arandu) Peru (RAAP) Uruguay (RAU) U.S.A. (Internet2)Venezuela (REACCIUN) Africa Algeria (CERIST) Egypt (EUN/ENSTIN) Ethiopia (ETHERnet) Kenya (KENET) Morocco (CNRST) Tunisia (RFR) South Africa (TENET) South Asia Central Asia Bangladesh (BAERIN) India (ERNET, GARUDA) Pakistan (PERN) Sri Lanka (LEARN) Armenia (ARENA) Georgia (GRENA) Kazakhstan (KAZRENA) Tajikistan (TARENA) Uzbekistan (UZSCI)

12. Find out about/help with emerging NRENs • Internet2 Special Interest Group • Meets at Internet2 member meetings • Mailing list • http://international.internet2.edu/intl_connect/hardtonetwork.html

13. Supporting global science communities • Research increasingly involves global resources, collaborators, data, scientific instruments. • Scientific instruments with specific geo-location needs(e.g., optical and radio telescopes) • Unique instruments: impractical or unfeasible for each country to “afford” for its own (e.g., Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva, electron microscope in Japan) • Access / collection of geo-specific data and getting it back for analysis, visualization, sharing, prevention • Environmental, Atmospheric/Oceanographic Studies 13

14. Not just science….

15. Trends in R&E networks outside the US • Asset ownership • Hybrid services • Outreach to and support for grid and other specific user communities • Building performance measurement and monitoring infrastructure • National trust federations based on Shibboleth

16. Asset Ownership GDAŃSK KOSZALIN OLSZTYN SZCZECIN BIAŁYSTOK BASNET 34 Mb/s BYDGOSZCZ TORUŃ GÉANT POZNAŃ ZIELONA GÓRA WARSZAWA ŁÓDŹ WROCŁAW RADOM CZĘSTOCHOWA PUŁAWY OPOLE KIELCE LUBLIN KATOWICE 10 Gb/s (2 lambdas) RZESZÓW KRAKÓW 10 Gb/s BIELSKO-BIAŁA 1 Gb/s CESNET, SANET Metropolitan Area Networks • Owning or long-term leasing all layers of network • Poland: PIONIER built along with railroad • Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia connecting cross border with own fiber

18. Hybrid Services • Mix of • “traditional” best-effort, packet-based IP service • Dedicated “circuits” • Peel data-intensive, relatively static traffic off the shared packet-based infrastructure • Leveraging ability to provision multiple wavelengths on ‘owned’ infrastructure • Do it dynamically? • between packet and circuit services as available, desired by application • for specific time periods

20. GÉANT2 Topology

21. Outreach to specific user communities • European Commission funding focused on funding ‘grids’ that leverage the research and education network infrastructure • Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid (LCG) • Tier 0(CERN) to Tier 1 and Tier 2 sites • European eVLBI network (EVN) • Last mile issues in remote locations • Both will likely leverage GEANT2 point to point services • Implies point to point services available in NRENs connected to GEANT2 serving LCG or eVLBI centers

22. European eVLBI Network (EVN) NORDUnet JANET SURFnet PSNC DFN GARR Express route SE UK PL CZ BE NL DE2 DE1 FR CH AT • EVN sites will see 2 BGP routes to SURFnet: • the normal IP route over GEANT • Express route using dedicated lightpaths (in green) IT

23. Performance Measurement and Monitoring Infrastructure • Internet2 piPEs effort • Architecture • Deployment across Abilene • Increasingly across Abilene-connected networks • Hands-on workshop series • GEANT2 research effort in same space • Collaborated to create joint perfSONAR architecture/infrastructure • RNP (Brazil) and CLARA (Latin America) looking to deploy

24. National authentication and authorization infrastructures • Many European countries, Australia • National Trust Federations • Supporting inter-institutional authentication and authorization • Adoption of Shibboleth as architecture • Shibboleth code as basis for federating institutional identity management systems • Shib-based federations in Switzerland, Finland with planned implementations in UK, Denmark, Sweden, Norway

25. Alabama (Univ Alabama)* Arizona (CENIC) Arkansas (AREON)* California (CALREN) Colorado (FRGP/BRAN) Connecticut (Conn. Education Network) Florida (Florida LambdaRail) Georgia (Southern Light Rail) Great Plains Network* (MIDnet) Indiana (I-LIGHT) Illinois (I-WIRE) Kansas (KU, KSU)* Louisiana* (LONI) Massachusetts Maryland, D.C. & northern Virginia (MAX) Michigan (MiLR) Minnesota/Iowa/Wisconsin (BOREAS)* Missouri (MOREnet/UMo)* New England region (NEREN) New Mexico (NMSU, UNM) New York (NYSERNet*, Cornell) Nebraska (Univ. Nebraska)* North Carolina (NC LambdaRail) Ohio (Third Frontier Network) Oklahoma (OneNet) Oregon Pacific Northwest (Lariat – NIH BRIN, PNNL) Rhode Island (OSHEAN) South Eastern U.S. (SRONs) Tennessee* (OneTenn/ORNL) Texas (LEARN) Virginia (MATP)* Wisconsin (WiscNet/WiscWaves) Wyoming Canada - CANARIE (for partnership with Michigan/New York and others) State and Regional Optical Networks – North America (*RON/universities with RFx’s issued or in process of acquiring fiber) (RONs in red have made dark fiber acquisitions through FiberCo)

26. FiberCo and RONs As of November 2005

27. Dark Fiber Placement • Aggregate dark fiber assets acquired by U.S. R&E optical initiatives • CENIC (for CalREN & NLR) 6,200+ • FiberCo (via Level 3 for NLR & RONs) 8,600 • SURA (via AT&T) 6,000 • Plus 2,000 route-miles for research • NLR Phase 2 (WilTel & Level3) 5,000 • OARnet 1,500 • ORNL (via Qwest) 900 • NEREN 670 • Other projects (IN,IL,OR,CT…) 2,200+ Total (conservative estimate) 30,000+ • Over 60% of these assets are now held by RONs • Remainder held by NLR (~11,250 route-miles)

28. Network Architecture Internet2 Backbone Networks University A GigaPoP Commercial Internet Connections University B University C

31. Implications for next generation national* network infrastructure • Aggregation to national backbone • More in states where traditionally had multiple Abilene connectors? • Less in areas where state-based networks are emerging, e.g. Great Plains? • Interconnection between adjacent state/regional networks • Complex at layer 3 but probably doable • Layer 1 and 2 services? • Still a hierarchy? • Cross multiple domains *where national isn’t just the “backbone” but entire set of networks (campus to state to regional to national)

32. Next Generation Architecture

33. Connector Interface The interface to the backbone: • Two or more client interfaces between optical interconnects • Analogous to router-to-router connections today • Requirements: • Support connectivity to IP Network • Support multiple sub channels through backbone to other RONs

34. Organization, Governance Issues • S/RON role in national R&E community • Internet2 • No specific home for s/regional networks • ~ dozen are Internet2 Affiliate members • Key role as Abilene connectors • Multi-hatted people on Advisory Councils, Abilene TAC, etc. • QUILT administrative home • Even without Internet2, NLR consolidation discussions, more explicit role for s/regional networks • NLR partner model

35. Sustainable RONs • What types of organizational, technical, financial support? • FiberCo services • Quilt Fiber Workshops • What about areas without RONs? • How should a national organization help?

36. LEARN in the world • International cross-border fiber supporting US-Mexico connectivity • UT El Paso and University of Juárez • LEARN member campuses engaged in international collaborations • Texas A&M site in Mexico • UT-Arlington LCG Tier 2 site • LEARN operational, organizational experiences

37. Questions? Comments? Gripes? • heather@internet2.edu • http://www.internet2.edu • http://international.internet2.edu