Energy Producing Regions

1. Energy Producing Regions

2. What is it?

3. The image above is a piece of coal. Coal was the first fossil fuel that was used in mass quantity. It was primarily used during the Industrial revolution to create steam. Coal, oil, and natural gas make up fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals which transformed over millions of years. Fossil fuels are NON-RENEWABLE.

6. Energy Use Around the World The world’s population is using the earth’s resources at a very quick rate. However, not all of the earth’s resources are renewable. Everything in society is affected by the cost and availability of energy. Countries that have abundant energy resources are usually very wealthy.

8. Non-renewable Energy Sources Fossil fuels Consists of coal, oil, natural gas These energy sources took millions of years to create. 85% of all energy used all over the world comes from fossil fuels. The fossil fuel industry affects every other industry all over the world.

11. NuclearEnergy • In this process technicians produce nuclear reactions such as, fission. • Fission produces heat. This heat is then used in the production of steam. • Nuclear energy is clean and allows areas that do not have geothermal activity to use steam power. • Produces radioactive waste. Which is hard to dispose of. Plants could have a meltdown (Chernobyl).

13. Renewable Energy Sources As the name suggests these sources of energy can be replenished on a regular basis. It is important to understand that these energy sources have an impact on the environment as well. Ex: flooding for an electric dam

14. Wind Power • Wind turbines convert wind energy into electricity. • The turbines take up very little space and do not make much noise. • However, people do complain that they are an eyesore. • Only very windy areas can benefit from this source of energy, ex: Denmark.

16. GeothermalEnergy • Geothermal energy comes from heat stored deep beneath the earth’s surface. • Geysers are a source of Geothermal energy. • Water produced from the steam can be re-injected into the earth to produce more steam. • Geothermal sites are not permanent. The energy at a particular site will eventually run out.

18. Solar Power • Heat energy produced by the sun is absorbed and turned into electricity. • Sun tracking mirrors or solar cells (photovoltaic) absorb the sun's light. • An inverter (transformer) will convert the light/heat into electricity. • Solar energy requires large amounts of space to be beneficial. • People could use this technology on a small scale. Ex: provide electricity to one house or one sign.

21. Hydroelectricity • This is electricity produced by hydro power (water). • Water pressure created by dam or incline will turn a turbine which will allow a generator to produce electricity. • Hydro power produces no greenhouse gases. • Major environmental damages when dams are created.

23. Ethanol Fuel • Ethanol is a clean burning fuel that is used as an alternative to gasoline. • Ethanol is an alcohol and it is the type of alcohol that people who are 18+ YEARS OLD(only) drink. • Ethanol can be extracted from many sources. The most common are sugar cane and corn.

25. Tidal Energy • Tidal energy harnesses the power of waves. • Waves turn propellers(called tide mills) that are underwater, which turn a turbine. • The turbine then produces electricity. • Primarily used in Italy and Australia, there are markets in other countries, Canada is one of them.

27. Biomass • Biomassisliving or recentlydeadbiologicalmaterial. • Biomasscouldbe; plant material, animal byproduts and waste, wood, etc. • Biomassisburned for energy. • Althoughburningdoescontribute to high pollution levels, itis all naturalsoitislessdangerousthenfossil fuels.

29. Hydrogen Fuel Cells • Fuel cells create an electrical reaction using different chemicals. • These chemicals produce an electrical reaction, which produces usable energy. • Fuel cells can operate continuously or until the reaction is broken. • Hydrogen fuel cells could run on water and oxygen. • Still in the experimental stages.

31. Where is Energy Produced? • Many countries have the ability to produce energy, it is the type and quantity that varies. • Countries that produce much energy are said to have a surplus. • Countries that use more then they produce have a deficit. • Deficit countries depend on surplus countries in order to meet their needs

32. The price of energy affects everything in society. • Countries that rely on energy import and export understand this. • In recent years energy prices have been increasing. • The organization responsible for rising oil prices is OPEC, created in 1960 (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

34. Energy Demands Around the World • Western Europe, Asia, and North America use most of the world’s energy. • Specifically, the USA uses 25% of all energy produced. • Countries that use more energy than they produce have a low autonomy. • Autonomy is a comparison of energy produced to energy used.

37. Oil is the most sought after energy source on earth. • Most of the oil is brought to the large consumers via pipeline and tanker ships. • There are many groups that benefit from the sale of energy. • Industry, government, consumers, and businesses. • However, there are many people that are adversely affected; farmers, natives, environmentalists, etc.

40. Energy Producing Region: Alberta Bituminous Sand (Oil sand) Soil Can you identify these three substances? Sand

41. Alberta became a province of Canada in 1905. • It’s capital is Edmonton and it’s largest city is Calgary. • In recent years Alberta has become Canada’s wealthiest province. • This is due to it’s large oil sand, oil, and natural gas deposits. • Alberta’s reserves are the largest in the world.

43. Alberta has 65% of Canada’s oil and 80% of our natural gas. • Unfortunately, these reserves are depleting. • However, Alberta has enough Bituminous Sand to meet world oil needs for the next century (100 years) • Bituminous Sand is sand that has been mixed with water and bitumen (heavy oil)

45. Where are the oil sands located? • There are three major oil sand deposits in Alberta. • Major only companies have been given concessions by the government to mine the oil sands. • Concessions are grants of land given to companies for a certain period of time.

47. Oil Sands Beneath the Forest • Most of the oil sands are located beneath forested areas. • Mines require large sections of forest to be cleared away. • This causes the destruction of homes for plants, animals, and aboriginal communities. • It destroys fragile ecosystems and natural water filters.

49. Pipelines • Pipelines offer an efficient method of transporting oil and natural gas. • Pipelines stretch all over Canada and into the United States. • However, to pass a pipeline large tracts of forests and farmland must be cleared. • Animal food sources are lost. • Trenches must be dug and ecosystems and native areas are destroyed.