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Commas

Commas. 1.Items in a series 2.Compound sentences 3.Adjectives 4.Interrupters 5.Appositives 6.Direct Address 7.Introductory phrases/clauses. 1.Sentence Structure: Commas in a Series. Commas should be placed in series of words, phrases, or clauses. Place commas in the following sentences:.

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Commas

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  1. Commas 1.Items in a series 2.Compound sentences 3.Adjectives 4.Interrupters 5.Appositives 6.Direct Address 7.Introductory phrases/clauses

  2. 1.Sentence Structure:Commas in a Series • Commas should be placed in series of words, phrases, or clauses. • Place commas in the following sentences: Martina brushed her hair, put on her pajamas, and went to bed. Martina brushed her hair put on her pajamas and went to bed. She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess, she kissed a frog, and she rescued her prince. She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess she kissed a frog and she rescued her prince.

  3. A sentence that contains two simple sentences joined by a conjunction is called a compound sentence. A conjunction joins words, phrases, and clauses together in a sentence. Conjunctions for and nor but or yet so 2.Sentence Structure:Compound Sentence FAN BOYS

  4. 3.Interrupters • Examples: • Ann Myers, our neighbor, is a fine golfer • Naturally, we expect to win • My answer is correct, I think • Q:Identify the interrupters in the above sentences

  5. InterruptersParenthetical Words/Phrases • I believe, Sam is a good student • On the other hand, he needs to study more • All interrupters are words/phrases that can be omitted without changing the meaning or the sentence structure • All transitional phrases/words that come at the beginning of sentences should be set off with commas. • At first, we start by exercising. • Basically, Fridays are always off.

  6. 5.Appositives Q:Identify the nouns in the following: Mr. Ali, our teacher, is great.

  7. Appositives Purdue University Writing Lab

  8. Essential/Non-essential Appositives • Identify the appositive • State the importance of this appositive to the meaning of the sentence • Uncle Dan the author of this book is happy. • Identify the appositive • State the importance of this appositive to the meaning of the sentence • Mr. Dan my uncle is happy.

  9. Essential/Non-essential Appositives • Essential Appositive • Uncle Dan the author of this book is happy. • No commas are needed • Appositive is essential • Non-essential Appositive • Mr. Dan, my uncle, is happy. Commas are needed Appositive is non -essential

  10. Sentence Structure:Appositives My brother, the biggest nerd I know, plans to throw a party! Sappositive V Even without the appositive, the sentence still makes sense : My brother plans to throw a party!

  11. 6.Direct Address • Tom, you have to study more • You are addressing Tom directly,that’s why we have to put a comma to set off the direct address

  12. 7.Introductory Phrases/Clauses • Practicing all day, Ali felt tired. • In the class, there are a lot of students • (All introductory phrases should be set off with a comma • When we go to the cinema, we buy pop corn. • If I study , I will succeed • (All introductory clauses should be set off with a comma

  13. Dangerous!!!!!!A Common Comma Error:The Comma Splice • A comma splice is an error in which two sentences are joined by a comma. Wehad a nice time,Ihope we can meet again soon. SV S V The Internethas revolutionized the business world, SV online saleshave increased dramatically this year. SV

  14. To Correct a Comma Splice • Insert a conjunction between the two sentences. • Start a new sentence. • Insert a semi-colon between the two sentences. • We had a nice time, and I hope we can meet again soon. • We had a nice time. I hope we can meet again soon. • The Internet has revolutionized the business world; online sales have increased dramatically this year.

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