SUBSTANCE ABUSE:

1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: TOBACCO ALCOHOL DRUG USE

2. Teen Tobacco • Define: • Nicotine: Addictive drug found in tobacco leaves • Stimulant: A drug increasing the action of the central nervous system • Carcinogen: Any cancer causing substance/ Tobacco contains: • TAR (sticky fluid) and CARBON MONOXIDE (colorless and poisonous gas): also compounds found in paint, rat poison, toilet cleaner……..all carcinogens

3. Why teens use Tobacco • Several reasons: • 1. Belief that smoking controls weight • 2. Smoking helps deal with stress • 3. Smoking makes them look mature • TRUTH: • 1. 90% adults smoking started as teen and are addicted typically for life • 2. Reduces ability to exercise so weight gain occurs • 3. Nicotine makes you dependent so increases your stress levels

4. LESS TEENS ARE USING TOBACCO • 77% of all high school students do not use tobacco • Why the change? • 1. 1998 legislation banned smoking companies from advertising to young people • 2. No smoking policy: Legislation is now limiting smoking in public places • 3. Family: Teens without smoking parents, tend to not smoke • 4. Health risks and peer pressure: Teens are understanding the risks and when one the majority avoid it, peers avoid it • ***NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL—a painful process that occurs in the body when nicotine or any addictive drug is no longer used

5. CREATING A SMOKE FREE ENVIRONMENT • Environmental smoke/Secondhand smoke: Air contaminated by tobacco smoke (combination of the following 2) • Mainstream smoke: Smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker • Sidestream smoke: Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or cigar

6. YOUNG CHILDREN AND THE UNBORN CHILD • What are the health risks to the young and unborn? • A. Smoking seriously harms the fetus • B. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen level in the fetus • C. Babies are at a lower birth weight (also true of alcohol and drug use) • D. Babies are born with deformities and stillbirths • E. Twice as likely to die, after birth, from SIDS (suddent infant death syndrome) (even from Environmental smoke) • F. Typically have issues after birth with ear infections, asthma attacks and respiratory infections

7. CREATING A SMOKE FREE SOCIETY • Fact: In most states, it is illegal to sell tobacco to teens under the age of 18 and it is illegal to smoke in public places • Fact: When a person decides to smoke , they not only make a decision that affects their health but the health of those around them • Fact: The U.S. Surgeon General claims—the only way to fully protect people from ETS is to prohibit smoking in public places • Fact: Creating a smoke free society reduces teens use of tobacco

8. Alcohol/Short & Long Term Effects • Short Term • Memory is dulled • Connections to learning can be permanently damaged • Judgment and coordination is altered • Increases stomach acid and causes nausea and vomiting • Large amounts consumed causes the pancreas to have acute pain

9. Long Term Effects • Permanent damage to brain cells and reduction in brain size • Heart attacks and/or strokes due to increases in blood prssure and the heart muscle becoming weakened • Fats build up in the liver and cannot break down leading to cell death • Swelling of the pancreas and affect digestion leading to swelling and potential death • Damage to stomach/ ulcers and stomach cancer

10. Alcohol Use • Psychological Dependence: • A condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel normal • Physiological Dependence: A condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug • Teens and Alcohol: • Fact: Teens who drink are more likely to be a victim or participate in a violent crime like rape, assault or robbery • Fact: Teens who drink are twice as likely to contract an STD as teens who do not drink

11. Alcohol and Driving • BAC (blood alcohol concentration): • Define: The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage • DUI (driving under the influence): • DWI (driving while intoxicated): • Define: anyone driving with a .08% will be charged with drunk driving • Anyone driving under the age of 21 with any limit of alcohol—zero tolerance….no acceptable limit of alcohol can be in your system

12. Consequences of Drinking and Driving • Facts: • Drinking and driving is unacceptable • Riding with someone who has been drinking is just as dangerous • If someone has been drinking, find another ride or call home • Legal consequences: • Responsible for any deaths involved in an accident • Potential arrests,jail time,police records, lawsuits • Loss of driver’s license • High automobile insurance rates or policy canceled

13. Alcohol and Effects on Children • Pregnancy: • A female drinking can seriously harm the fetus • Alcohol passes directly from the bloodstream to the fetus • A fetus processes slowly so the alchol stays for a much longer time • FAS—fetal alcohol syndrome • Birth defects that happen to a baby from the mother drinking/ both physical and mental problems

14. Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • The Are Severe and Lasting! • Small head and facial, hand, feet deformities • Heart, liver, kidney defects • Vision and hearing problems • Physical and mental impairment • Difficult learning and short attention span • Hyper, anxiety issues, social withdrawal • ***FAS is the LEADING preventable cause of mental retardation in children • ***Females who are pregnant should not drink ANY alcohol

15. Effects of Alcoholism on Children • Define Alcoholic: • An addict who is dependent on alcohol • How does this affect their children? • 1. 4 more times likely to become an alcoholic • 2. There is more availability of alcohol in the home for the child to use • 3. Children are typically neglected • 4. Family and children become enablers to the alcoholic • 5. Higher risk at becoming addicted with use at a young age

16. STAGES OF ALCOHOLISM • Stage 1: Abuse • Begins with social drinking and may experience memory loss/ blackouts • Stage 2: Dependence • The person cannot stop drinking/ typically try to hide the problem/ performance on the job, home and school suffers • Stage 3: Addiction • The liver becomes damaged, less alcohol required to cause drunkenness/ if they stopped, extreme symptoms of withdrawal

17. Effects on the Family and Society • Facts: • U.S. is home to 15 million alcoholics • 4th leading cause of accidental deaths (car accidents and drownings, violent crimes, house fires are at the top) • Codependency: Emotional and physical needs of self and others are ignored in order to focus on the alcoholic • Codependents lose self-esteem and trust

18. Steps to Recovery and Treatment • Step 1: Admission • Admit they have a drinking problem and need help • Step 2: Detoxification • Body goes through withdrawal and adjusts to functioning without alcohol • Step 3: Counseling • Learn to change the behaviors in order to live without alcohol • Step 4: Recovery • Person takes responsibility for his/her life • ***Alcoholics cannot be CURED, only treated • ***Recovery is a process of learning to live alcohol free

19. DRUG USE • Health Risks: • A. Physical Health • 1. Overdose—fatal reaction to a drug • 2. Hepatitis B, HIV, Tuberculosis—Injecting a substance with a needle increase the risk of all these diseases • B. Mental Health • 1. Impairs a teens ability to reason & think • 2. Causes behavior to do things illegal or dangerous • 3. Alters the brains structure and function • C. Social Health • 1. Loss of friendships and other relationships • 2. Future affected from poor choices (crime, injury,…)

20. Consequences of Drug Use • A. for the individual • Psychological Dependence that develops over time and causes a person to believe they need the drug (same as alchohol) • Leading cause in teen depression and suicide/ leads to higher level of crime and jail time • B. for others • Fetus again born with defects the same as in alcohol use • C. for society • Lost wages, health care costs rise, accidents, jail time, law enforcement costs, etc.

21. MARIJUANA, STEROIDS • Marijuana Facts: • Same risks as tobacco smokers • Marijuana has even higher levels of cancer causing chemicals • In males/ lowers testosterone • In females/ raises testosterone (leads to infertility—inability to have children) • Steroid Facts: • Anabolic Steroids—synthetic substance of the hormone testosterone • Results in unnatural muscle growth • Causes violent behavior, legal blindness, extreme mood swings, depression and paranoia • Non medical steroids are illegal/ athletes who use them gain unfair advantages and can face expulsion from a team or event/ get fined/ ruin their reputation and spend time in jail

22. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS • Define: • Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter brain activity • A. Stimulants (speeds it up): Cocaine Ex. • B. Depressants (slows it down): Tranquilizer Ex. • C. Opiates: (derived from opium plant used to relieve pain): Heroine Ex. Slows breathing and pulse rate • D. Hallucinogens (serious alterations in the mind and thoughts): Mushrooms Ex. Causes flashbacks • ***Cocaine and Heroine are injected and cause user to have a high risk of HIV/ Hepatitis B from infected needles and overdosing

23. THE DRUG FREE LIFE • Steps to help you or a family member to become drug free: • 1. Recognize the warning signs (p.614) • 2. Identify community help sources • 3. Express your affection and concern without being judgmental • 4. Listen to the response/ be prepared for anger and denial • 5. Offer to go with the person to a counselor or support group