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Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what we do

Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what we do. Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS Pipestone Veterinary Clinic. Vaccines - Basics. 1. Stimulate immunity to protect sows 2. Stimulate immunity to protect piglets via colostrum. Vaccines to protect sows. Parvo Lepto Erysipelas

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Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what we do

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  1. Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what we do Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS Pipestone Veterinary Clinic

  2. Vaccines - Basics • 1. Stimulate immunity to protect sows • 2. Stimulate immunity to protect piglets via colostrum

  3. Vaccines to protect sows • Parvo • Lepto • Erysipelas • Salmonella • Ileitis • Mycoplasma • SIV • PRRSV

  4. Parvo • Virus • Causes abortions and high levels of mummies • Immunity to wild virus is life long • Most gilts exposed during development

  5. Lepto • Bacteria • Immunity is short • Rarely seen in indoor animals • Transmitted via water and poor sanitation • Inexpensive antigen

  6. Erysipelas • Bacteria • Can cause high mortality • Acute septic condition • Classic skin lesions, joint swelling, fever • Killed vaccine (injectible) provides 6 months of protection • Live vaccine (water) provides less measurable protection and is questioned

  7. Salmonella • Bacteria • 2 types – cholerasuis (septic), typhimurium (enteric) • Seen in stressful conditions • Live (water) vaccine • DOI is debated • Given as gilts and when piglets show signs

  8. Ileitis • Bacteria – Intracellular • Severe enteric condition • Hemorrhagic form mostly seen in sows • Vaccine (water) very effective if given at appropriate time • Immunity appears to be of long duration

  9. Mycoplasma • Bacteria/pseudobacteria • Lives on ciliated cells of the respiratory tract • Causes chronic pneumonia • Vaccine – injectible • DOI is at least 25 weeks • Used to help gilts grow to potential • Debated use in breeding herds

  10. SIV - Flu • Virus • Fast moving typically • If uncomplicated, short episode • Causes cough and shedding to piglets • If getting control at sow unit – whole herd blanket, if controlling nursery problems, pre-farrow

  11. PRRSV • Virus • Not enough known • Killed and Live vaccines available • Live – whole herd approach • Killed – pre-farrow approach • Variable use – discuss with your veterinarian

  12. Vaccines to protect Piglets • SIV • E. coli • Clostridium perfringens types A+C • PRRSV? • Rotavirus • Mycoplasma? • Bordetella, Pasteurella

  13. SIV - Flu • Virus • Vaccine produces high levels of antibodies in colostrum • Piglets seropositive until end of nursery typically • Gives protection during the first several weeks in nursery

  14. E. coli • Bacteria • Many types (strains) • Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1st 5 days of life • Given pre-farrow to booster colostral antibody for protection during lactation

  15. Clostridium perfringens types A+C • Bacteria • Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1st 5 days of life • Given pre-farrow to booster colostral antibody for protection during lactation

  16. PRRSV • Virus • Killed vaccine boosters high levels of colostral antibody – potentially giving protection – debated

  17. Rotavirus • Virus • Many strains • Diarrhea in piglets from 2-25 days of age • Vaccine (killed) boosts colostral antibody – debatable efficacy • Feedback – Delivers herd strains pre-farrow to booster colostral immunity and decrease virus shedding by sow

  18. Mycoplasma • Bacteria/pseudobacteria • Causes cough/chronic pneumonia in growing pigs • Potentiates PRRSV • Shedding at sow unit is variable • Some data supports using this pre-farrow to reduce shedding • Trial underway

  19. Bordetella/Pasteurella • Bacteria • Cause of Atrophic Rhinitis • Rarely seen anymore as toxigenic P. mult prevalence low • Cough at wean often attributed to bacterial pneumonia • Vaccine has limited efficacy

  20. Vaccination Timing • PLE – Called pre-breed • Due to high throughput, vaccinating pre-breed means in farrowing • Throws sows off feed • We typically don’t use in farrowing • Given 3-7 weeks pre-farrow typically

  21. Vaccination Timing • Salmonella • Given in gilt development • Ileitis • Given in gilt development • Mycoplasma • Given in gilt development

  22. Vaccination Timing • SIV • Given in gilt development and pre-farrow • E. coli • Given in gilt development and pre-farrow • Clostridium perfringens types A+C • Given in gilt development and pre-farrow

  23. Typical Vaccination Timeline Backfeeding SIV E. coli/Clost E. coli/Clost PLE/SIV Breed Farrow Wean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 2 3 1 Items in blue represent gilt vaccines

  24. Discussion items • PRRSV • SIV • PCV2 • Others?

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