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The Digestive System

The Digestive System. By Chris Schneider. The D igestive System. Brings in food Absorbs nutrients Excretes waste. Digestive System Functions . Mouth The beginning Salivary glands are triggered by the smell of food and the saliva starts to digest the food in the mouth

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System By Chris Schneider

  2. The Digestive System • Brings in food • Absorbs nutrients • Excretes waste

  3. Digestive System Functions • Mouth • The beginning • Salivary glands are triggered by the smell of food and the saliva starts to digest the food in the mouth • “Juices” are produced to help with the digestion also

  4. Digestive System Functions • Pharynx and Esophagus • Pharynx receives food from the mouth • Esophagus carries food to the stomach • Muscular tube from the trachea to the stomach

  5. Digestive System Functions • Stomach • Stomach is a sac like organ with muscular walls • Stomach secretes acid and strong enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food

  6. Digestive System • Small Intestine • Made up of three parts • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum • Breaks down food using enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver • Nutrients are absorbed into the walls

  7. Digestive System Functions • Large Intestine (Colon) • Made up of Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, the Descending Colon • The second part of the alimentary canal • Main function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food • Certain vitamins are taking through the walls • Processes waste so that excretion is easier

  8. Digestive System Functions • Rectum • The rectum is an 8 inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus • Receives stool from the colon • Lets the person know there is stool to be evacuated • Holds the stool until evacuation happens

  9. Digestive System Functions • Anus • The last part of the Digestion System • Consists of muscles that line the pelvis and two other muscles called anal sphincters • Provides control on stool

  10. Digestive System Functions • Liver • Makes and excretes an important substance called bile • Processes the blood coming from the small intestine containing the nutrients absorbed • Purifies the blood

  11. Digestive System Functions • Pancreas • Chief factory for digestive enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum • The enzymes break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

  12. Digestive System Functions • Gallbladder • Storage sac for bile • Waits for signal to send more bile • Bile helps absorb fat in the diet • Bile also carries waste from the liver that cannot go through the kidneys

  13. Digestive System • Organs that food passes through vs. the accessory organs • Accessory organs create the bile and enzymes needed to break down food • Organs that food passes through actually break down the food with the bile and enzymes from the accessory organs

  14. Digestive System • Physical Digestion vs. Chemical Digestion • Physical Digestion • Starts with the cutting of food with a knife and fork • The teeth take over to grind food into small particles to be swallowed • Also includes paristalsis which is the churning of food down the digestive track • Chemical Digestion • Proteins, carbohydrates, and far molecules are too large to be absorbed into the blood steam so these chemicals break them down

  15. Digestive System • Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid digestion • Proteins are digested in the stomach, fats in the small intestine, and carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth, and continues in the upper stomache • Amylase digests carbohydrates in the mouth partially • Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach • Bile salts emulsify fats and oils into droplets, allowing enzymes to attack • Pancreatic juice might also enter the small intestine to help with digestion, and these include proteases, lipases, and amylases

  16. Digestive System Disorders • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) • A chronic symptom of mucosal damge caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus • Symptoms • Heart burn, Regurgitation, Trouble Swallowing • In western populations, the prevalence range for GERD is 10% to 20% of the population • Treatment • Diet • Avoid Smoking and Drinking • A number of medications are proved to treat GERD • Proton Pump Inhibitors • Antacids • Alginic Acid

  17. Digestive System Disorders • Peptic Ulcers • Open sores that develop on the insides of your esophagus, stomach, and upper portion of the small intestine • Symptoms • Pain is the most common • Worse when your stomach is empty • Flare at night • Vomiting of blood • Prevalence Roughly matches age • i.e. 20 years old 20%, 80 years old 80% • Treatment Options • Antacids • Bismuth compounds • Prostoglandin Analogue

  18. Digestive System Bibliography • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001311/ • http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-system • http://www.johnmccraess.ocdsb.ca/teachers/box/digestionweb/PhysChemlDigest.html • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/peptic-ulcer/DS00242/DSECTION=complications

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