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Developmental biology is known as "the stem cell of biological disciplinesu201d (Gilbert, 2017). Stem cells have a property of self renewal and differentiation. Organs gradually develop in the embryo via tissue progenitors, proliferate, differentiate and organize via cellular interactions and arrange themselves in 3D functional structures, the study of which is broadly known as Developmental Biology. Recently, studies have aimed at treating human diseases and repairing damaged tissues.<br><br>Continue reading: http://bit.ly/2Im9PF2<br><br>Why pubrica?<br><br>When you order our services, we promise you the following u2013 Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
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ADVANCED STEM CELL ANDDEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTALDESIGN An Academic presentationby Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica Group: www.pubrica.com Email:sales@pubrica.com
Today'sDiscussion Outline ofTopics Inbrief Designing Experiment in Stem Cell Research CultureConditions OrganoidCulture Disease-Related Research Limitations
InBrief Recent research studies have been made with the aim to understand development biology and treat human diseases: Neural development Pancreatic progenitors Skeletal muscleregeneration Brain development in genetic disorders Trophoblast related pathologies Somatic stemcells
Designing Experiment in Stem CellResearch Stem cellresearchesinvolves manipulation and transplantation of stem cells in vivo to restore missingcells. The successful reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which resembles embryonic stem cells(ESC) has opened interesting strategies for cell replacement and tissueregeneration. IPSCs derived podocytes when transplanted, survive in recipient newborn mouse kidneyswhich may be due to immature and immune-privileged natureof developing postnatalkidneys. Contd..
Bulk RNA sequencing methodhas been used to understand the genetic program of murine lung primordial progenitors in vivo, also identify pathways that regulate their cellfate. Researchershave engineered Alveolar Epithelial type 2 cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro and profiled their differentiation kinetics using time series single-cell RNA sequencing with lentiviralbarcoding.
CultureConditions An efficient culture system is of utmost importance, which helps in maintaining itself renewal and differentiationcapability. A 2-dimensional extended culture system which provides a new method to expand the number of human primordial germ-like cells for transplantation, molecular screening, downstream techniques or differentiation of these cells into gametes by in vitrogametogenesis. This culture system promotes cell proliferation, partial epigenetic programming, genome-wide reduction in DNA methylation, and maintenance of H3K9me2depletion. Minimal chemical-free culture medium has been generated where IGF1 and Activin together can maintain self-renewal without the support of FGFsignalling.
Organoid Culture Organoid culture has gained much importance in developmental biology and tissue regeneration. It is a tissue culture method used to grow three-dimensional functional organoids from a group of cells along with a combination of biochemicalfactors. ESCs or iPSCs when self organizes in a 3D-culture with growth factors fororganoids. Brain organoid technology his useful in studying the physiological and pathological functioning of the humanbrain.
Disease-RelatedResearch Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways cooperatively ensure the earlydopaminergic differentiation of the USSC adult stem cells, helping in the treatment of Parkinson’sdisease. Global transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis helps us to understand human Trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) derived from naive hPSCs are similar to hTSCs derived from blastocysts and acquire post-implant trophectodermcharacteristics. This may help in the further study of early mechanisms that regulate normal trophoblast development and associatedpathologies.
Limitations The risks include tumor formation, immune rejection of transplanted cells, and occasional inappropriate stem cellmigration. They must be minimized before providing patients with this therapeuticoption. These limitations should be overcome by further research on the effectiveness of these therapy in regenerative and degenerativetherapies. The mechanism by which the disease arises, and various treatment options can be understood through theseresearches.
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