Pre-or post-publication Peer review of Scientific Manuscripts: Thoughts on Pros and Cons

POST-PUBLICATION PEER REVIEW(PPPR) If people are going to do post-publication peer review, they need to abide by the same rules as they abide by for pre-publication peer review: not being ad hominem, being respectful, giving the author a chance to respond in a reasonable way. - SusanFiske. Peer reviewwith this evolution will continue to safeguard the integrity of science and be the backbone of scientificpublishing. Using PPPR, authors can get their due credit by way of post- publication reviews online after the pre-publication reviews by eminent peers in thefield. 03 01 One of the evolutional models of peer reviews is the PPPR or Post- publication Peer Review (PPPR). Rapid technology developmentimpacts on online publication PPPRpossible. 04 02 Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

DRAWBACK OF TRADITIONAL PEER REVIEWPRE-PUBLICATION 01 Majority of the reviews are incorporated ordiscarded. Peer reviews done in rooms among a small group ofscholars & editors ofmagazines. 02 03 Peer reviews were lacking intransparency. With PPPR, it is now open to all to express their opinions & views on the scientific paper. It could be a boon to not only the author but also for the development & reach of science globally. 04 Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

USES OFPPPR The technology has made it possible for scientific research papersto be accessible from anywhere andanytime. Review comments can be posted immediately on reading the research paper and shared on social mediaplatforms. Strength and weakness of scientific papers are done real-time globally. Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

CHALLENGES & LIMITATIONS PRE-PUBLICATION PEERREVIEW Referees and editors arenot 01 always free ofbias. Reputed researchers get easy review while new researchers face high level of scrutiny. 02 Undue time delay and when it is in the case of rejection it takes moredelay. 03 Contd... Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

Negative results do not getpublished. 04 Researches suggesting a change in the existing system needs more time and revisions to proveit. 05 Hard to find quality peerreviewers. 06 Technology and challenges to the pre-publication peer reviews have necessitated the PPPR. Most of the research papersare now available online such as Nature has recently initiated post-publicationprocess. Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

ssssss PROS OFPPPR Offers opportunities forcorrections. Authors receives more feedback from peers by posting paper online.Hence revising and resubmitting arereduced. It disseminates new research ideas fast than that of the peer reviewsof journals. Increases engagement of the scientific community for more recognition and careerimprovement. Provides transparency with the review publicly available to benefit anyone interested in theresearch. Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

CONS OFPPPR Lack of dignity of peer review. No motivation and sense ofduty towards scientificresearches. Too many choices like many platforms and alternative methods of use in communicatingreviews. Enables unqualified referees to tarnish the original work of the researcher with baseless allegations, arguments, and falsehoods in the name of freedom ofspeech. Risk of non-constructive criticism from real peers taking a vigilante form.Exposed to the threat of spammers and trolls on socialmedia. Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

SUMMARY Peer reviewis under a stage of transformation into new models with technology support. And only over-time, this centuries-old practice will refine to safeguard the integrity of science and encourage scientific publicationof researchpapers. Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rightsreserved

Pre-or post-publication Peer review of Scientific Manuscripts: Thoughts on Pros and Cons