Structure for writing an effective clinical review articles - Pubrica

1. Research paper OCT 31, 2019 STRUCTURE FOR WRITING AN EFFECTIVE CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLES Tags: Pubrica | Plagiarism | Clinical Review Articles | Medical Literature | Clinical Writing Help | Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals | Clinical Case | Systematic Reviews | Meta-Analysis  Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

2. Clinicians need clinical review articles that have well-organized structure for easy reading and understanding. Traditional clinical review articles, also known as updates, discuss a topic broadly and selectively review the medical literature. CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE 1 2 Clinic review articles include evidence from available studies on the specific clinical problem. 3 4 An excellent structured clinical research article will resolve controversy generated by studies that contradict one another. 5 It helps clinicians to apply it practically on patients and for further research. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

3. For clinicians to upgrade their knowledge, they rely only on peer-reviewed medical journals. But most studies at best only provide preliminary evidence due to • NEED FOR CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE structure i Limited scope. ii Poor design. iii Inefficient execution. iv Inadequate sample size to have significant clinical benefits or detection of adverse effects. v Play of chances. Clinicians reading these studies, have to integrate and compare it with existing evidence to conclude, whether the clinical policy had to be changed on the accumulated evidence. In the case of original studies, only a portion of the clinical problem is addressed. Hence, most clinicians take a short cut to read the clinical reviews done by others. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

4. DRAWBACK OF IMPROPER STRUCTURING OF CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE • Clinical review if not structured properly, will not do justice to the original evidence. • Clinician will end up with false conclusions which will finally be borne by the patients. EXAMPLE In research by Mulrow conducted on 50 published reviews, only one adhered to the specific methods of identifying, selecting, and validating included information. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

5. Table: Clinical Review Structure For Various Articles ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT STRUCTURE ABSTRACT STRUCTURE S.No. ARTICLE TYPE DESCRIPTION -Background -objectives -study design -Results -Discussion (Acknowledgement)COI Original research and/or clinical studies. Please note, as described in the instructions for authors, papers with only present data specific to a particular geographical area or country which are not novel or surprising from a worldwide perspective, are unlikely to be published. -Background -objectives -study design -Results -Conclusions Full length Articles. 1) 250 2500 Original research and/or clinical studies that do not require a full paper, but are completed studies, may be submitted as Short Communications. These papers may detail a smaller number of observations or may include a smaller number of patients. They may also add a small amount of new information but which is still considered important. -Background -Objectives -Study design -Results -Conclusions -Background -objectives -study design -Results -Discussion (Acknowledgement)COI Short communication 250 2) 1250 -Why this case is important. -Case description. -Other similar and contrasting cases in the literature. -Discussion and references. Short articles of a clinical nature which illuminate an underlying principle of a disease state, its diagnosis, or its therapy. 3) Case Reports - - 1500 Contd... Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

6. ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT STRUCTURE ABSTRACT STRUCTURE S.No. ARTICLE TYPE DESCRIPTION • -Reasons for developing the assay. • -Methods used in designing the assay. • -Protocol • -Validation data This offers an opportunity for researchers to present an assay that they have developed and that they feel would be useful for others. My Favourite Assay - - 4) 500 Comments on previously published articles or any other items of interest to clinical virologists. Letters to the Editor - - 500 - 5) Documents that have been locally or internationally approved and contain general principles that may benefit others in their clinical practice or in writing their own algorithms or guidelines. Guidelines and clinical algorithms 6) - - - No limited Commentaries and points of view Contd... Please contact one of the Editors -in -Chief to check on the suitability of your topic. - - - 750 Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved 7)

7. ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT WORD COUNT ABSTRACT STRUCTURE ABSTRACT STRUCTURE S.No. ARTICLE TYPE DESCRIPTION Reviews should give a succinct overview of a particular topic. Please contact one of the Editors in-Chief to check on the suitability of your topic. Unstructured abstract Review articles 250 - 8) 3000 Meeting reports, News & Announcements: - Meeting reports 1500 - 9) - - Summary of a relevant symposium, workshop, etc. - Part I: Case presentation. Questions for readers at end (bold). - Part II: Evidence-based opinion. Each subsection starts with question from Part I - Page break between Part I and II. This should be a clinical casethat presents a diagnostic dilemma that will impart an important learning point. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution - - Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved VIROQAS 1250 10)

8. NOTeS The word count in the Article structure excludes the Abstract, References, Acknowledgement and figure captions. 01 The word count should be indicated at the foot of the title page. 02 03 Keywords (3-6) should be provided at the foot of the abstract. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

9. PRISMA or Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-analyses has issued a statement listing 27 item checklists to make the writing of clinic review feasible. • Though IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusions) structure is the basis of many reviews, there could be variations in guidelines as per the nature of research. • STRUCTURING OF CLINICAL REVIEW ARTicle Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

10. ELEMENTS OF A • REVIEW ARTICLE Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

11. TITLE PAGE Length: 8 -12 words Tense: Present tense: General validity and demonstrates. Paste tense:  Unestablished results. Citations: None TITLE PAGE Note:The title must be short. The title should have all the critical elements of the subject matter (or informative). List of authors: Declare intellectual ownership of the work, provide contact information: Author name &affiliations – Order of authors: The first author has done most of the research. – Second and in between authors would have contributed one way or another. – The last author coordinated the project. E.g. Challenges in Diagnosing Subclinical Pancreatic Disease. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

12. (E.g) 1. Journal of Clinical chemistry reviews require a structured abstract with subheadings background, content, and summary. 2. Another style needs the subheadings: content, evidence, acquisition, results, and conclusions. • ABSTRACT Length:200 – 500 words. Elements: Descriptive Abstract for narrative reviews. 1 Note: Should include acronyms and abbreviations only if they are used more than once. 2 3 Tense Present tense. Objectives, Conclusion. Past tense. Materials and Methods, results. Citation No citations. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

13. INTRODUCTION Note: It should explain why the review of the field or topic essential at this time & what is that you are going to cover in the review. 10% and 20% of the core text. Length E.g. “Review on DMS or deep brain stimulation for Dystonia” However, one must acknowledge that published results obtained with DBS in Dystonia are few and that conclusions from these preliminary reports should be drawn very cautiously. Nonetheless, promising findings are emerging from single case reports or small case series, and the notion that DBS may be of great help in selected cases is progressively growing… . In this review, we discuss the results reported in the literature. Some critical issues regarding the evaluation of the results are also mentioned Citations Tense Present tense: Research question and the objective purpose of the review. Many. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

14. MATERIALS & METHODS Approx. 5% of the core text. Length Elements: It should include: 1.Search strategies. 2.Criteria of inclusion and exclusion of methods. 3.Data sources. 4.Geographical information. 5.Characteristics of study subjects. 6.Details of used statistical analyses. Tense Citations Past tense- reason to repeat the review. Few E.g. Software and statistical analyses used. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

15. Length: 70 to 90% of the core text. • MAIN BODY PART 01 Tense: 1.Present tense: Reporting what another author thinks, and writes. 2.Present Perfect: Referring to an area of research with a number of researchers. 3.Past: Referring to what a specific researcher found, referring to a single study.  02 04 Links: Link the research findings to the research questions. 03 Citations: Usually indirect but can also be cited directly. Elements: 1.A coherent structure of the topic mentioning their relevance to the objective. 2.Subheadings reflecting the topic organisation and indicate the content in various sections including methodological approaches adopted, theories or models used, critical appraisal of studies, in chronological order. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

16. DISCUSSION Present tense. Tense Elements: Discuss the results and their significance clearly and concisely. Identify any unresolved questions. Reiterate the objective and background information. Function Few or more. Citations E.g. Despite 30 years of continued investigation, the precise mechanism of CD4 T-cell loss induced by HIV infection remains controversial. HIV-mediated destruction of its preferred target, the activated CD4 T cell, is certainly central to HIV pathogenesis, but does not explain why many uninfected cells die or why the host cannot merely replace lost cells.21,22 As first proposed in the 1990s,23 researchers now know that the pro-inflammatory nature of HIV infection is a key part of disease pathogenesis.2,25. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

17. CONCLUSIONS Conclude the review by discussing the objective mentioned in introduction, including findings and interpretations. Discuss future scope by identifying the unresolved questions. E.g. Future studies evaluating novel stroke biomarkers should answer questions that address their unique clinical contribution in the diagnosis, management, and risk prediction of stroke: has the patient had a stroke? Is the stroke of ischemic or hemorrhagic etiology? Are symptoms suggestive of additional intensive investigation or thrombolytic therapy? Is the patient at risk for stroke or reoccurrence of cardiovascular events? Modern stroke diagnosis remains heavily reliant on clinical interpretation, and further translational research efforts toward discovery of stroke biomarkers have the possibility to greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of care. Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

18. Length: 50 to 100 words and could cite only those in text, and online sources are not allowed. Plagiarism: Strictly Avoid • REFERENCES Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution Copyright © 2019 Pubrica. All rights reserved

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