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Agenda – Wednesday, February 19 th

Agenda – Wednesday, February 19 th. Reading Quiz #5 – Learning Classical Conditioning Notes Example Homework: NONE Unit Test #2 – Returned TOMORROW. Learning Unit. Acquiring new information Modifying or reinforcing existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences

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Agenda – Wednesday, February 19 th

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  1. Agenda – Wednesday, February 19th • Reading Quiz #5 – Learning • Classical Conditioning • Notes • Example • Homework: NONE • Unit Test #2 – Returned TOMORROW

  2. Learning Unit • Acquiring new information • Modifying or reinforcing existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences • Learning does not happen all at once • Ideas build upon one another • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57e4t-fhXDs

  3. Classical Conditioning IT IS NOT VOLUNTARY!! IT HAPPENS REFLEXIVELY!!!

  4. Classical Conditioning • Unconditioned Stimulus: anything that generates an automatic response • Unconditioned Response: The automatic response to the US • Tasty food  Salivate • Loud Noise  Startled • Puff of air in the eye  Twitch • Being dumped  Sadness • Stomach Flu  Nausea • Alluring Image  Sexual Arousal

  5. Classical Conditioning • Neutral Stimulus: Anything to which you DON’T already have a natural reaction to • Doctor’s Office • A color • Computer sound • Spray bottle • Sound of a bell • Your friend’s house • A building

  6. Classical Conditioning Acquisition: Repeated pairing of NS & UCS NS + UCS  UR CS  CR

  7. Classical Conditioning Generalization: When other stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus cause a conditioned response Discrimination: The ability to differentiate between CS and similar stimuli

  8. Classical Conditioning • Extinction: Eliminating a Conditioned Response • caused by UCS by REPEATEDLY not following CS • The NS loses its predictive power!

  9. Classical Conditioning • Spontaneous Recovery: Re-emergence of an extinct CR after a period of time • CR will be much weaker, but still present

  10. Example: Invisible Fences Some dog owners prefer to get an invisible fence (a fence that provides a shock when dogs with shock collars cross a wire in the ground) because their neighborhood does not allow certain fences. When the dog is about 6 inches away from the wire, it hears a loud tone. If the dog continues walking after hearing the tone, it will be shocked.

  11. Before the fence… Unconditioned Stimulus: _______________ Unconditioned Response: ______________ Neutral Stimulus: ______________________

  12. Conditioned Stimulus: _________________ Conditioned Response: ________________

  13. Extinction: Spontaneous Recovery: Generalization: Discrimination:

  14. Agenda – Thursday, February 20th Return and review Exam #2 Classical Conditioning class example If time: Higher-order Classical Conditioning Homework: NONE

  15. Exam #2 • Exam #1 Mean Score (with 2 point curve) • 5th hour: 21.95/27 • 7th hour: 21.23/27 • Exam #2 Mean Score (with 4 point curve) • 5th hour: 25.0/33 • 7th hour: 25.45/33

  16. Agenda – Friday, February 21st • Higher-Order Classical Conditioning • Notes • “The Office” example • Operant Conditioning • Homework: Reading Guide #6 + reading quiz  TUESDAY

  17. Higher-Order Conditioning • Using a CS as UCS to condition a new response • It’s like the “Inception” of conditioning • First-Order: • UCS + NS = UR • NR  CS • CS = CR

  18. Higher-Order Conditioning • Higher-Order • CS  CR • CS = UCS • UCS (old CS) + (NEW) NS  UCR • Eventually…NS becomes CS • CS  CR

  19. The Office – Higher Order?

  20. Operant Conditioning IT IS VOLUNTARY!! You learn consequences that follow your behavior (GOOD OR BAD) How do CRUSH CARDS function as operant conditioning?

  21. Operant Conditioning Shaping: rewarding successive behaviors to encourage more complex behaviors

  22. Operant Conditioning How does gambling function as both reinforcement and punishment? MUST FOLLOW A BEHAVIOR! Reinforcement: Increases the frequency of behavior Punishment: Decreases the frequency of behavior

  23. Operant Conditioning Is receiving a speeding ticket positive or negative? Positive: Adding something Negative: Taking away something

  24. Agenda – Monday, February 24th • Important people (yellow sheet) • Classical vs. Operant conditioning examples worksheet • Reinforcement Schedules • Practice FRQ (if time) • Homework: • Reading Guide #6 due tomorrow • Reading Quiz #6 tomorrow

  25. Important People Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner John B. Watson Edward Thorndike Albert Bandura

  26. Reinforcement Schedules

  27. Fixed Ratio • Response happens after the behavior occurs a specific amount of times • Examples: • Push level five times: Receive a food pellet • Buy four coffees: Get one free • Read five books: Get a free pizza • Clean three rooms: Get a 15 minutes break

  28. Fixed Interval • Response happens after a set amount of time • Examples: • Pressing a lever: Food pellet released every 10 minutes • Studying: Final exam given every end of semester • Being paid every two weeks for working a job • Reading a textbook:” Teacher gives quiz every Tuesday

  29. Variable Ratio • Response happen after the behavior occurs an unpredictable amount of times • Example: • Pressing a level: Unknown how many times it takes to release pellet • Buying scratch off lottery tickets: Unknown how many you need to win • Using slot machines: Unknown how many times it takes to pay out • Calling for donations: Unknown how many calls you need to make to get a donation

  30. Variable Interval • Response happens after an unpredictable amount of time • Examples: • Pressing a lever: You don’t know when the pellet will be released • Studying: You don’t know when a pop quiz will happen • Fishing: You can go very long or short periods of time without catching fish • Drug Use: Random drug tests by an employer

  31. Cognition Latent Learning: Even without reinforcement and punishment schedules, you are still learning (create a cognitive map) Example  Other examples?

  32. Cognition Intrinsic Motivation: The inner desire to perform a behavior effectively for the sake of it Extrinsic Motivation: The desire to behave a certain way to receive external rewards or avoid threatened punishment

  33. Intrinsic or Extrinsic? • “I remember a daily ritual that we had: I would call Pop at work to ask if I could practice with him. He would always pause a second or two, keeping me in suspense, but he’d always say yes…In his own way, he was teaching me initiative. You see, he never pushed me to play.” • -Tiger Woods

  34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74x0Hacr1-w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nuI2RrJTfA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io (TED Talk)

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