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Agenda – Wednesday, April 2 nd. M&E Reading Quiz Lie Detector Test Theories of Emotion Notes Examples Homework: Exam #4 FRIDAY. Can we detect a liar?. 3 Volunteers will try to lie to the class.
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Agenda – Wednesday, April 2nd • M&E Reading Quiz • Lie Detector Test • Theories of Emotion • Notes • Examples • Homework: Exam #4 FRIDAY
Can we detect a liar? • 3 Volunteers will try to lie to the class. • They can either take or not take a dollar from an envelope & must successfully lie to us to keep the dollar & gain a candy bar (Woohoo! Extrinsic Motivators!) • They will enter the class at the same time & must answer any (reasonable) question that we ask of them to help us discern if they are lying or not.
Facial Expression of Emotion • Paul Ekman (yellow sheet) had people from different cultures identify various facial expressions & found they all responded similarly. • Ekman had the Fore Tribe in New Guinea match up photographs of facial expressions to events in stories. Same results as first study. • Some Facial Expressions are universal indicators of emotion.
James-Lange Theory • Physiological experience comes first, followed by emotion • Examples: • We feel sad because we cry • We feel happy because we smile
Cannon-Bard Theory • Emotions and physiological experiences happen at the same time as one another
Two-Factor Theory • Emotions come AFTER the combination of physical arousal and cognitive awareness
Agenda – Thursday, April 3rd • Finish theories of emotions examples • Facial Expressions • Article • Importance • Practice FRQ • Homework: • Exam #4 FRIDAY
Facial Expressions • Forcing certain facial expressions can lead to sincere emotions • What theory is this?
Facial Expressions • If someone smiles because everyone around them smiles, and then they feel happy…what theory is this?
Facial Expressions • If someone scowls and tells themselves the situation they are in is stupid and beneath them, what theory is this?
Facial Expressions • If someone smiles and feels overwhelmingly happy at the same time, what theory is this?
Facial Expressions • If someone grins from ear to ear but tells themselves they are unhappy, what theory is this?
Emotions & the Body The Autonomic Nervous System The Brain Right Hemisphere Responsible for the Identification of Emotions Sympathetic Nervous System (Speeds up body) Parasympathetic Nervous System (Slows Down body) Limbic System (Amygdala) Recognizes facial expressions and the appropriate emotion associated with that expression. *Emotions alter the functioning of the ANS. *Polygraph Testsonly measure changes in the ANS (Not valid!)
Physiological arousaltremblingincreased heart rate Emotionfear James-Lange Theory of Emotion Stimulussnake • Physiological Arousal and THEN Emotion Ex. We feel sad because we cry. Ex. We feel happy because we smile. • Problems: 1) Some Emotions have same physiological response. (Ex. Fear, Anger, & Sexual Arousal all Similar) 2) People can experience arousal w/o experiencing emotion. (Running) 3) Physiological responses happen to slow to cause emotion. 4) What about people with spinal cord injuries?
Emotions are the combination of physical arousal & a cognitive label. • When you are aroused, you look to your environment for an explanation of the arousal. (If aroused while in a mob of protestors, you might label your arousal “Anger”) (If aroused at a concert, you might label your arousal “Excitement)
Physiological arousaltremblingincreased heart rate Emotionfear Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Stimulussnake • The experience of emotion happens at the SAME TIME that physiological arousal happens. • One does NOT CAUSE the other.
Physiological arousaltremblingincreased heart rate Emotionfear Cognitive interpretation“I feel afraid!” Two-Factor (Schachter-Singer) Theory of Emotion • Emotions are the combination of physical arousal & a cognitive label. • When you are aroused, you look to your environment for an explanation of the arousal. (If aroused while in a mob of protestors, you might label your arousal “Anger”) (If aroused at a concert, you might label your arousal “Excitement) Stimulus
TED Talks • Ron Gutman: The hidden power of Smiling (7 Minutes) • Barry Schwartz: Paradox of Choice (19 Minutes)