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Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease . Kelsey Dunlap. What is Parkinson’s?!.

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Parkinson’s Disease

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  1. Parkinson’s Disease Kelsey Dunlap

  2. What is Parkinson’s?! Parkinson’s disease is a group of neurological disorders known as motor system disorders. In 1817 British doctor James Parkinson first described Parkinson’s as the “shaking palsy” disease. In a normal brain some of the nerve cells produce a chemical known as Dopamine. Dopamine transmits signals to the brain to produce a smooth movement of muscles. With Parkinson’s disease 80% or more of these dopamine cells are damaged or dead. Patients are unable to control their movements because the nerve cells fire wildly due to the lack of dopamine cells.

  3. Symptoms • Bradykinesia- Slowness in movement. • Tremor- unintentional, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving one or more parts of your body. • Rigidity- Stiffness or inflexibility. Usually a person with parkinson’s develop the symptoms in one side of their body. The symptoms can either grow rapidly or progress over the years. The progressive loss of voluntary and involuntary muscle control produces a lot of secondary symptoms.

  4. Secondary Symptoms • Constipation • Depression • Difficulty swallowing • Loss of intellectual capacity • Anxiety • Cramped handwriting • Soft voice

  5. Causes The cause of Parkinson is unknown although some researchers think that there are many factors for getting Parkinson. Certain drugs that treat stomach disorders can produce some Parkinson’s symptoms known as drug-induced parkinsonism. Genetic factor may be involved although most cases genetics isn’t the main factor. 1/5 of Parkinson’s patients have at least one relative with Parkinson’s symptoms.

  6. Medical Treatment There is no cure for Parkinson’s Disease. Food and drug administration approved a surgically implanted device that lessons tremors. The selection and dosage is all up to the individual.

  7. Levodopa & Carbidopa • Levodopa is the mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy. • Most of this drug is metabolized before it reaches the brain. • It is most effective in treating bradykinisia and rigidity. • Carbidopa blocks the metabolism of Levodopa in the liver which decreases nausea and increases the amount of Levodopa that reaches the brain.

  8. Side Effects • Nausea • Low blood pressure • Abnormal Movement

  9. Surgery • Surgery is another way of trying to control the symptoms and increasing the way of life when medication doesn’t seem to be working. • Not everyone is suitable for surgery and even if they are some look at how the risk may outweigh the benefits. • There are three different types of surgery available. • Ablative Surgery • Stimulation Surgery • Transplantation or Restorative Surgery

  10. Ablative Surgery • Locates, Targets, and destroys area of the brain where Parkinson’s is located. • They go in with a heated probe and burn the tissue with the disease. They only burn a small section because they don’t want to risk burning more tissue then needed. • The patient remains awake during the whole procedure.

  11. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) • They target the area below the thalumus. • The targeted region is inactivated but not destroyed by an implanted electrode. • The risk for strokes are reduced. • The batteries need changed every 5 years and the wires may break and need replaced.

  12. Transplantation or Restorative Surgery • All of these procedures are considered experimental. • Dopamine-producing cells are placed in the striatum. • These cells can be gotten from many sources: patient’s body, human embryo’s, and pig embryo’s. • 90% of fetal transplant cells don’t survive. Between 3 and 8 embryo’s are needed each procedure.

  13. Opinion I don’t know anyone personally that has this disease but Michael J Fox does. I have seen him on Tv and in movies and you can tell how much of an impact this disease has on his life. This is a horrible disease to have not only because it is incurable but also all the symptoms are able to be seen physically.

  14. Sources • Parkinson's Disease Information. 2002. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.parkinsons.org/>. • MacMillan Health Encyclopedia. Revised ed. Vol. 3. New York, NY: MacMillan Reference USA, 1999. 103-04.

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