Labeling Annotation

1. Labeling & Annotation Danielle and Lisa

2. Introduction to Labeling Goal of any map to communicate information in clearest possible fashion Adding labels one way to accomplish this However, simple placing labels anywhere doesn�t help ArcMap provides multiple ways to control where labels diplay

3. Dynamic Labeling Process of adding label text to layer�s features all at once ArcMap automatically adds a label for each feature to the layer�s display Placement of dynamic labels determined by ArcMap, based on current map extent and number or features being displayed

4. Dynamic Labeling As map zoomed in and out, position of dynamic labels change as ArcMap determines best placement for them May move, appear, or disappear as available space on map changes Based on an attribute, if want to change appearance, placement or visibility, need to change layer�s label properties

5. Label Properties Which features in layer are labeled Field or fields in attribute table that will be used for labeling Font settings such as size, color and style Placement of labels relative to the features Scale at which labels will be visible

6. Point Labels Positions for point labels categorized into four basic locations: On top of point Offset horizontally Offset vertically At specified angle

7. On Top of Point Label text horizontally centered directly on top of associated point feature Simplest form, least flexible Least likely to give results desired Extremely useful as preliminary step for placing annotation on map

8. Specified Angles Allows you to specify hierarchy of angles around point where labels will be placed Angles start at 0, right of point, and continue in counterclockwise direction

9. Line Labels Orient labels relative to features or relative to page Can be placed at start, end or along line at �best� location Line-oriented labels placed to left or right of line based on line�s direction Page-oriented labels placed above or below line

12. Label Priority ArcMap uses label priority ranking to determine order labels placed on map Labels with higher priority generally placed first Labels with lower priority that conflict with higher, may be placed at alternative positions or dropped from map Priority places points, lines, then polygons To increase chance more important features labeled first, can assign these features higher label priority

13. Polygon Labels Labels for polygons can be placed horizontal to the page Or they can be placed straight, but at an angle that follows longest direction of each polygon feature Depending on label size and map scale, polygon labels can extend beyond boundary of polygon.

14. In this case, conflict detection rules will ensure that country labels have priority over city labels, allowing the city labels to be moved or omitted from map if necessary

16. Determining Label Precedence When labeling features in multiple layers, some labels forced to share map space Example Map of cities and countries, high probability that at certain map scale, some city and country labels will overlap To help resolve this, ArcMap allows you to establish rules to control how feature labels will behave

17. Label and Feature Weights Establishes ranking system when conflict with other layers or features on map General rule Feature cannot be overlapped by label with equal or lower weight Higher weight for polygon features prohibits labels from straddling polygon boundaries Purpose of map will drive relative importance of labels

18. Working with the Map Scale By default, layer�s labels are visible whenever layer is visible One method for controlling label visibility is to control visible scale range of layer Example Zooming in on city. At scale of 1:24,000, streets appear, but labels so close together cannot tell which label identifies which feature

20. Setting a Reference Scale By default, as zoom in and out of map, size of labels doesn�t change Point size maintained as zoom so labels appear to be same size relative to screen If want label text to scale with map, can set reference scale Setting reference scale fixes labels relative to other features in map at specific scale Reference scale property of data frame, labels for all layers are set to the same reference scale

22. Managing Labels To have different label styles for different groups in same layer, can create subsets of features then specify different labeling properties for each subset Called label classes By default, ArcMap uses single attribute for dynamic labels Can customize label classes to use more than one attribute

23. Organizing Labels Each layer starts with single class named �default�, symbolized with default symbology New label classes can be added to later You select features you want to group together in each label by building Structured Query Language (SQL) expression

24. What is SQL? ArcMap uses a standard computer language called Structured Query Language (SQL) for query expressions. SQL is also used by ArcMap to access and manage databases. Most of the time you won't need to worry about the details of SQL because you will build your expressions by choosing options in a dialog. If you want to know more, however, refer to the ArcGIS Desktop Help (Contents tab -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> About building an SQL expression).

25. SQL Location

26. Example If you have parcel layer and want unique labels for each classification (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial) start by creating one new label class for each feature. Next, modify labeling properties such as font, color, size and placement options Then build appropriate SQL expression to select features by classification Can turn labeling on and off for each label class

27. Modifying Display of Label Text Can choose to use more than one attribute from layers table to create label expression You might do this because you wish to label a country with both its name and area or with name and current population

28. When you want to label with more than one default field, you�ll need to add simple code to the label expression Can include custom text or other special words that label expression recognizes as code. Can also choose to stack, or display on more than one line, information that comes from different attributes

29. Label expression that created stacked labels from map of Australia looks like this: [NAME] & vbNewLine & [AREA] & �Sq Km�

30. Beyond Dynamic Labels Allows you to manually create text for features that do not reside in a layer Place text more precisely Define text on-the-fly Type of annotation

31. With Annotation You Can: Create unique text symbology to identify a specific feature Position the annotation exactly where you want it Place informational text, not associated with a feature, on your map Include graphics Edit an individual piece of annotation text or its symbology Share annotation data without necessarily sharing a map document

32. Types of Annotation: Descriptive text within a map document is called map documentation annotation. Like labeling properties, map document annotation is stored with the map document as an mxd. Annotation stored in a Geodatabase allows you to add a layer of annotation to ArcMap�s Table of Contents. Because this type of annotation is stored in a database, you can share the data with others by sharing the Geodatabase.

33. Geodatabase Annotation Continued: In order to reuse text on multiple maps, you can store the text in a feature class in a Geodatabase as a layer file. If you have a large volume of annotation, store it in a Geodatabase rather than as map document annotation to improve performance. Behind the Scenes of an Annotation Feature Class: An annotation feature class is actually a polygon feature class that describes the path for a text string. Like other feature classes, annotation feature classes have attributes. These attributes define how the text will display. There are two types of annotation feature classes: Standard Feature-linked.

34. Standard Annotation Stored in a Geodatabase as features that are not related to any other features. NestingSitesAnno is a Standard Annotation Feature Class

35. Standard Annotation Cont. You can also create Standard Annotation for features that do not exist on the map For example: - If you have several point features that represent individual mountains, you can create Standard Annotation to display the name of the mountain range.

36. Feature-Linked Annotation With an ArcEditor or ArcInfo license, you can link annotation in a Geodatabase directly to the feature it annotates, creating what is called Feature-Linked Annotation. An annotation feature class that is linked to a polygon feature class.

37. Feature-Linked Annotation Cont. ArcView users can add Feature-Linked Annotation to ArcMap and display the annotation features in the map. Use Feature-Linked Annotation when you want your annotation to reflect the current state of features in your database.

38. Data Sources of Annotation Most often annotation is derived from attributes in layers that have been added to ArcMap. The layers might include feature classes in a Geodatabase, ArcInfo coverages, shapefiles, or other data formats supported by ArcGIS. The fastest and easiest approach to annotation is to convert a layer's dynamic labels to annotation.

39. Reference Scale Before converting labels to annotation: Set the data frame reference scale By doing this you can make sure the labels display the way you want before you convert them to annotation. ***Remember the labels don't have to be perfect, just a close approximation of your final text. The closer they are to the desired appearance of the final text, the less fine tuning you will have to modify your annotation later.

40. Reference Scale Cont. A Geodatabase reference scale must be non- zero, thus ArcMap will use the current map scale when no data frame reference scale is set. All annotation in a feature class shares the same reference scale, thus ArcMap enforces this reference scale rule and prevents annotation features with a conflicting reference scale from being added to an existing annotation feature class.

41. Positioning Annotation Your data, or the purpose of the application you're developing, determines how you will create annotation, whether from scratch, from labels, or from another data source. When creating annotation from scratch, ArcMap will place the annotation wherever you click on the map Converting labels to annotation, ArcMap decides where to place the new annotation *** Such factors as the map extent and the number of labels to convert may cause variation between the final location of the annotation and the original location of the labels

42. Positioning Problems When there is an overflow of unplaced annotation a separate window will appear listing all the unplaced annotation. From there, you can decide where, or even whether, to place this annotation.

43. Annotation Advantages With annotation you have the ability to edit the location of individual annotation text strings. You can nudge a piece of annotation a short distance or you can position Unplaced annotation on the map. You have explicit control!

44. Organizing Annotation Group together annotation that share a common characteristic or common theme For example: On a map of the countries of the world, you might symbolize oceans with one font style and seas with another. This distinction in symbology suggests that you want to organize the text into two annotation groups, where each group has its own reference scale, visible scale range, and coordinate system. You can set these properties for all the annotation in each group at once.

45. By creating annotation groups you can easily make maps showing only one group of annotation or different combinations of groups. You can associate an annotation group with a particular layer so that it will automatically turn on and off with the layer's visibility.

46. Annotation Class Much like how dynamic labels for a layer are organized into label classes and that Map Document Annotation is organized into annotation groups, an annotation feature class can be organized into annotation classes. A annotation feature class will have at least one annotation class

47. When an annotation feature class is added to ArcMap�s Table of Contents, the annotation classes are listed with the annotation feature class

48. Modifying Annotation One of the BIGGEST advantages to using annotation is that you can modify each individual text string or its properties! Annotation can be ADDED, CHANGED, or DELETED

49. Modify annotation stored within a map document does not require you to start an edit session. Any edits you make to annotation apply only to the ArcMap document Modifying Geodatabase annotation attributes, you must make changes in an edit session! You will edit a Geodatabase annotation feature class just as you edit a feature class of a geometric feature