CH. 12 ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE

1. CH. 12 ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE “ALCOHOL IS THE MOST ABUSED LEGAL DRUG IN OUR SOCIETY” HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE NEVER HAD ALCOHOL ON YOUR LIPS? BAC = blood alcohol concentration = amount of alcohol in the blood usually expressed as a %. GA is .08 The amount of alcohol is half the amount of proof. i.e. 100 proof = 50% alcohol

2. 3 TYPES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1. Beer 2. Wine 3. Distilled Spirits (hard liquor) 12 oz. Beer = 4-5 oz. Wine = 1 oz. Hard liquor = ONE DRINK

3. Factors that affect the BAC and response your size gender how much and how quickly you drink eating beverage chosen age race, Asians and Native Americans unable to break down alcohol as quickly as Caucasians other medications – Tylenol, and aspirin can increase blood alcohol more rapidly family history of alcoholism – don’t develop usual symptoms tolerance – takes more to get you drunk

4. Alcohol Facts Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is a depressant Reaches the stomach first, then the bloodstream, then onto the liver, heart and brain. The liver converts about 95% of alcohol to carbon dioxide and water. Converts the excess alcohol to FAT! Alcohol is a diuretic (speeds up elimination of fluids) 1 gram of alcohol is equal to 7 calories. Alcohol lowers body temperature, so don’t drink to get warm.

5. Figure 12.6: The Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Body. Alcohol has a major effect on the brain, damaging brain cells, impairing judgment and perceptions, and often leading to accidents and altercations. Alcohol also damages the digestive system, especially the liver.Figure 12.6: The Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Body. Alcohol has a major effect on the brain, damaging brain cells, impairing judgment and perceptions, and often leading to accidents and altercations. Alcohol also damages the digestive system, especially the liver.

6. Critical Signs of Alcohol Poisoning Vomiting Seizures Slow breathing or stops breathing Cannot wake them up Bluish, cold, clammy, pale skin “EVEN IF THE VICTIM LIVES, AN ALCOHOL OVERDOSE CAN RESULT IN IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE” p. 331

7. Alcohol Abuse – continued use despite awareness related to drinking. p. 344 Alcohol Dependence – individuals develop a strong craving for alcohol because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress or anxiety. p. 344-345 Alcoholism – chronic disease in which genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influence its development and manifestations. p. 345-346

8. CAN YOUR BODY BE PREDISPOSED FOR ALCOHOLISM? 1 in 6 adult Americans have a problem with drinking. 60% of adult Americans use alcohol. Heavy drinking destroys the liver, weakens the heart, elevates blood pressure, damages the brain, and increases the risk of cancer. The most common reason people drink is to ______.

9. DRINKING ON CAMPUS The total amount of alcohol consumed by college students each year is 430 million gallons. Enough for every college and university in the U.S. to fill an Olympic-size swimming pool. BINGE DRINKING – the consumption of 5 or more drinks in a row by men and 4 or more for women. LEADING CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE DEATH AMONG UNDERGRADUATES. 2 out of 5 students binge drink. 1 in 3 women.

10. The Consequences of College Drinking Alcohol is involved in two thirds of college student suicides 9 out of 10 rapes 95% of violent crimes on campus 75 – 90% of all violence on college campuses is alcohol-related. How to protect yourself from unsafe drinking p. 339. Staying in control of your drinking p. 339. END

11. SMOKING IN AMERICA Tobacco’s Immediate Effects How Nicotine Works Nicotine primary active ingredient, tobacco smoke 400 other compounds and chemicals. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.(U.S. Surgeon General) 90% of nicotine is absorbed into your body if you inhale. 25-30% still absorb if only smoke in your mouth and not lungs.

12. Affects the brain just like cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines triggering the release of dopamine. Increases blood pressure Speeds up the heart by 15-20 bpm Constricts blood vessels Inhibits the formation of urine Dampens hunger Irritates the membranes in the mouth and throat Nicotine is a major contributor to heart and respiratory diseases.

13. Smoking in America

14. Tar and Carbon Monoxide Tar is a thick, sticky dark fluid made up of several hundred difference chemicals, many poisonous, and some carcinogenic Smoke from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes contains carbon monoxide 400 times higher than what comes out of car exhaust Interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen Impairs normal functioning of the nervous system Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes

15. Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking (4) A smoker is 10 times more likely to develop lung cancer than a nonsmoker and 20 times more likely to have a heart attack.

16. 1. Heart Disease and Stroke Smoking increases LDL and lowers HDL Heart attack is the leading cause of death for smokers Heart attack risk is greater in younger smokers Smokers who suffer mi's only 50% recovery rate 70% higher death rate from heart disease than non Smoke heavily have 200% higher death rate Smoking is more dangerous than hbp and high cholest. women who smoke and use oral contraceptives have 10 times higher risk of suffering heart attack than women who do neither. Smoking also causes cardiomyopathy - weakens the heart's ability to pump blood. (not in book) After 5-10 yrs. ex-smoker's risk of heart disease is like a person who has never smoked.

17. 2. Cancer Tobacco smoking causes 80% of all cases of lung cancer If smokers stop before cancer has started the lung tissue repairs itself even if there were already precancerous changes. Smokers who are depressed are more likely to get cancer than non-depressed.

18. 3. Respiratory Diseases Smoking is major cause of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 4. Other Smoking-Related problems Gum disease Stomach and duodenal ulcers, mouth, throat, and other cancers and cirrhosis of the liver. Men who smoke 10 cigarettes a day or more may experience erectile dysfunction. May also increase anxiety, panic attacks, and social phobias.

19. Figure 12.8: The Immediate Effects of Nicotine on the Body. The primary active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine, a fast-acting and potent drug. Source: American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute.Figure 12.8: The Immediate Effects of Nicotine on the Body. The primary active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine, a fast-acting and potent drug. Source: American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute.

20. Why Do People Start Smoking? 2 reasons why people start is age and education Genetics Parental Role Models Adolescent Experimentation & Rebellion (misjudge addiction) Mental Disorders Limited Education Weight Control Aggressive Marketing Stress Addiction – nicotine, just as addictive as heroin/cocaine

21. Smoking and Race Native Americans and Alaska Natives have the highest rates of tobacco use AA men and Southeast Asian men also have a high smoking rate Asian-American and Hispanic women have the lowest rates of smoking Tobacco use higher white college students than among Hispanic, AA, and Asian students Tobacco is the substance most abused by Hispanic youth Smoking rates increase in Hispanic adults as they adopt the American culture.

22. Smoking and Gender Women have greater risk for illnesses, and smoke longer Lung cancer kills more women than breast cancer Women who smoke are more likely to develop osteoporosis Women are less fertile Smoking during pregnancy increases risk of miscarriage Men more at risk for aggressive prostate cancer Men exhibit erectile dysfunction (impotence) Risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis in men Affects male hormones, and reduced blood flow to penis

23. Other Forms of Tobacco 1. Cigars - can lead to nicotine addiction, the nicotine can vary from an amount of 1 cigarette to a pack or more of cigarettes. 2. Clove cigarette - typically contain 2/3 tobacco and 1/3 clove. >May be more harmful than cigarettes. >They have twice as much nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide. 3. Bidis (beedees) - skinny brown sweet flavored cigarettes. >Contain less tobacco but tobacco is more potent. >Has about 3x the nicotine and carbon monoxide and 5x the tar than from filtered cigarettes.

24. 4. Pipes - still can get cancer of mouth, larynx, throat, and esophagus 5. Smokeless tobacco >snuff finely ground tobacco sniffed or placed inside the cheek or lip and sucked (dip) >chewing tobacco leaves mixed w/flavoring agents(molasses) >22% of college men use smokeless tobacco, lowest % in the northeast, and highest in the south-central region.(not in book) >Linked to cancers of lip, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. >Contains carcinogens

25. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Mainstream smoke - what the smoker inhales Sidestream smoke - what the non-smoker inhales (second hand smoke) It has twice as much tar and nicotine, 5x as much carbon monoxide, and 50x as much ammonia. Quitting 50% of smokers want to quit, but 7% succeed. More than 90% of former smokers quit on their own. American Cancer Society has programs, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patches, gum), Prescription products (inhaler, and nasal spray. (GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 2007)