CH. 11 DRUG USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE

1. CH. 11 DRUG USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE Drug � a chemical substance that affects the way you feel and function. Drug Misuse � taking a drug for the purpose other than for which it was medically intended. Drug Abuse � excessive drug use that�s inconsistent with accepted medical practice. Toxicity � the dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body causing temporary or permanent damage.

2. FACTORS EFFECTING DRUG USE ON THE BODY how the drug enters the body dosage drug action presence of other drugs in the body physical and psychological condition of the person setting in which the drug is used

3. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION inhaling(immediate)(huffing) I.V. intravenous injection (seconds) intramuscular injection (few minutes) subcutaneous injection (10 minutes) orally(30 minutes or more)(most common)

4. Figure 11.1: Routes of Administration of Drugs.Figure 11.1: Routes of Administration of Drugs.

5. MEDICATIONS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS Nonadherence � prescribed medications that are not taken the way they should be. Physical Side Effects Allergic responses from penicillin and other antibiotics Serious complications � heart failure, heart attack, seizures, kidney and liver failure, severe blood disorders, birth defects, blindness, memory problems, and allergic reactions.

6. Psychological Side Effects Include drugs for high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, epilepsy, arthritis, Parkinson�s disease, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Drug Interactions � mixing drugs with other drugs. Mixing cold medications with tranquilizers can cause drowsiness and coordination problems. Aspirin takes 5-10 times as long to be absorbed when taken with food or shortly after a meal than when taken on an empty stomach. If tetracyclines(antibiotic) encounter calcium in the stomach, they bind together and cancel each other out. Don�t drink a hot beverage with a medication, the temperature may interfere with the effectiveness of the drug. Don�t take alcohol with drugs.

7. CAFFEINE USE AND MISUSE Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive (mind-affecting) drug in the world. Coffee�s health benefits: lowering the risk for type 2 diabetes, reduce gallstones, Parkinson�s disease, and colon cancer. Increases concentration, reduces fatigue, and sharpens alertness. High consumption leads to dependence, anxiety, insomnia, rapid breathing, upset stomach and bowels, and dizziness.

8. SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Addiction � the compulsive(habitual) use of a substance, loss of control, negative consequences, and denial. Most mental health professionals use terms like �dependence� and �abuse�.

9. DEPENDENCE Psychological dependence � feelings of pleasure or relieves stress and anxiety. Physical dependence � needs larger doses to achieve intoxication or other desired effects. Creates tolerance to the effects. ABUSE � using drugs in ways that clearly have a harmful effect. Dopamine � brain chemical associated with feelings of satisfaction and euphoria. Can be triggered by any pleasurable experience, like a hug, a taste of chocolate, cocaine, nicotine or heroin� �addicts do not specifically yearn for heroin, cocaine, or nicotine but for the rush of dopamine that these drugs produce.�

10. SOME INDIVIDUALS AT GREATER RISK OF DRUG DEPENDENCE difficulty controlling impulses lack of values that might constrain drug use low self-esteem feelings of powerlessness depression THE ONE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAIT MOST OFTEN LINKED WITH DRUG USE IS DENIAL. Addiction to drugs, alcohol, or tobacco accounts for a third of all hospital admissions and a quarter of all deaths.

11. DRUG USE ON CAMPUS Alcohol is #1 drug of abuse on campuses. Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug. White students have higher levels of alcohol and drug use than AA. TREATING DRUG DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE 12 Step Program started from AA 1 requirement for membership: a desire to stop an addictive behavior. COMMON DRUGS OF ABUSE p. 307-321, Group Activity