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WATER, WATER Everywhere But Not a Drop to Drink!. Welcome Back to the Hydr o sphere. Where Does That Water Go?? Where Has That Drop Been”. Hydrologic Cycle. Around and Around. Water cycle Condensation Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration. Sun Clouds Runoff Groundwater
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Around and Around Water cycle Condensation Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration Sun Clouds Runoff Groundwater Surface water Oceans, lakes, etc… Freshwater Saltwater
Groundwater Surface Water States of Matter Liquid Frozen Gaseous Water Vapor Where It’s Found Oceans Lakes Rivers Ponds Streams Atmosphere Tissues and organs of living things Where is Water Found on Earth?
Water Facts • 70%of the Earth is covered with water. • The same amount of water that was here when Earth formed is still here. You might drink molecules that Neanderthals drank… • Water is the only substance that is found naturally on earth in three forms: solid, liquid and gas • Most of the Earth’s water is permanently frozen or salty. IMPORTANT! Water regulates the earth’s temperature/climate
97% covers the oceans 2% is frozenOf all the water on the Earthonly 1% is available for us to drink
Distribution of Water on Earth • Ice - 76% • Water Vapor – 0.037% • Lakes/Rivers – 0.34% • Deep groundwater – 11% • Shallow groundwater – 12% Ice - 23mL = 22.8% W V - 01mL L R - .1mL D gw – 3.3mL S gw – 3.6mL
Most (2%) of the freshwater on the Earth is locked up in ice. It’s found in Polar Ice Caps
Of the 3% of freshwater on the Earth, only 1% is available for human’s to drink
Freshwater Resources “Groundwater” “Glaciers” “Aquifers” “Wetlands”
Where is Earth’s FRESHWATER? Freshwater at Earth’s surface is a small fraction of all the water on the planet. If 1 L of water represents all of Earth’s water, a drop represents all the water in lakes and rivers.
Groundwater Water located below Earth’s SurfaceLargest Source of Freshwater in NORTH CAROLINA
Glaciers-a mass of ice and snowthat moves slowly over Earth’s Surface
Surface Water - Reservoirs • Lake-like bodies of water created by damming streams or rivers, usually to supply water and/or hydroelectric power to a nearby area. Examples: • Falls of the Neuse - Raleigh • Little River Reservoir - Durham
Aquifer(located underground)A rock layer that stores water and allows water to flow through it.
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617898/student_view0/brainpop_movies.htmlhttp://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617898/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html Water that seeps into the soil is groundwater It travels through spaces between the rocks The type of rock determines how much water is stored and how fast it moves through the rocks Aquifers –store this freshwater underground Counties obtain drinking water and water for irrigation by tapping into aquifers.
Wetlands – Protected by Law and found “everywhere” on the Earth
Wetlands Act Like Sponges • Wetlands act as sponges in the landscape, collecting and holding rainwater to prevent flooding. • Since they soak up pollutants and sediments they can improve the quality of the water that will eventually become drinking water for communities.
Wetland Facts • 50% of the Earth’s “wetlands” have been lost since 1900 • Wetlands clean the rivers and lakes by removing pollution before the water enters the ocean • They help stop floods by holding water from rain and melting snow. They act as a sponge. • They are breeding and nesting places for numerous fish, birds; ducks, shellfish and other small animals • Provide home for many endangered species • Every time a wetland is drained at least 500 hundred animals die because of lost of habitat and food. • Many laws have been passed to save our wetlands
Watershed - Drainage BasinRiver Basin - a drainage area of a river Watershed – an area of land where rain collects and drains into a single place; lake, ocean, etc… River Basins – large ones are made up of many watersheds Main function: to move water from a higher to lower elevations – mountains to oceans • North Carolina has 17 river basins
What Do You Think? • Why do we need to protect the “Hydrosphere”? • Why do we need to practice conservation of our waters? • What is the
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency Responsible for protecting and monitoring the Earth’s natural resources: Water Soil Air Plants Animals Minerals Rocks
Notice how of the world's total water supply of about 332.5 million cubic miles of water, over 96 percent is saline. And, of the total freshwater, over 68 percent is locked up in ice and glaciers. Another 30 percent of freshwater is in the ground. Fresh surface-water sources, such as rivers and lakes, only constitute about 22,300 cubic miles (93,100 cubic kilometers), which is about 0.0067 percent of total water. Yet, rivers and lakes are the sources of most of the water people use everyday.
A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid (ocean water) Salinity
Water Conservation • Americans use five times as much water as Europeans use. • Humans use about 50 gallons of water daily • Today, more than 400 million people live in regions with severe water shortages
3. Which process is used in sewage treatment to kill infectious bacteria? • a) sedimentation c) filtration • b) chlorination d) flotation
Water Facts and Health • A person can live about a month without food, but only a week without water. • A quarter of the world’s population is without safe drinking water. • Water removes waste from the human body. • More than 2 billion people on earth do not have a safe supply of water. • Humans cannot drink salt water. • A person must consume 2 liters of water daily to live healthily. • You use an average of 168 gallons of water a day. • . Water regulates the temperature of the human body
Water is a Raw Material • It takes 450 L (120 g) of water to produce one egg. • To process one chicken we need 44 L (11.6 g) of water. • To process one can of fruit or vegetables we need 35 L (9.3 g) of water. • About 25,700 L (6,800 g) of water is required to grow a day’s food for a family of four. • It takes 7,000 L (1,850 g) of water to refine one barrel of crude oil. • To manufacture new cars 148,000 L (39,000 g) of water are used per car. • It takes 120 gallons of water to produce one egg.
Questions 1 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth? • polar ice caps • groundwater • lakes • Rivers and streams
Answer 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth? • polar ice caps • groundwater • lakes • Rivers and streams
Question 2 • What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water? a. Glaciers and lakes b. Aquifers and reservoirs c. Wetlands and polar ice d. Rivers and oceans
Answer • What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water? a. Glaciers and lakes b. Aquifers and reservoirs c. Wetlands and polar ice d. Rivers and oceans