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Nematoda

Nematoda. Pseudocoelomates. Common Characteristics. Pseudocoel Mesoderm muscle lined ectoderm Complete digestive tract Organs are within pseudocoel Syncytial epidermis with non-living cuticle. Coelom. Phylum Nematoda. Found everywhere Use pseudocoel as a hydrostatic skeleton

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Nematoda

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  1. Nematoda

  2. Pseudocoelomates

  3. Common Characteristics • Pseudocoel • Mesoderm muscle lined ectoderm • Complete digestive tract • Organs are within pseudocoel • Syncytial epidermis with non-living cuticle

  4. Coelom

  5. Phylum Nematoda • Found everywhere • Use pseudocoel as a hydrostatic skeleton • Collagen cuticle • Longitudinal muscles • Free living and parasites • Dioecious

  6. Nematode Body Plan

  7. Muscle Structure • Longitudinal muscles • Parallel to ventral and dorsal nerve cords • Muscle cells form processes to associate with nerve cells • Muscles act against the hydrostatic skeleton

  8. Muscle/Nerve Structure

  9. Digestion and Metabolism • Pharynx • Radial muscles • Intestine • Single cell layer with no muscles • Body movement and ingestion moves food • Parasitic nematodes often lack complete aerobic respiration

  10. Nematode Parasites • Ascaris (roundworms) • Found in intestine and lung. • Hookworms • Attach to intestine and suck blood. • Trichina worm • Forms cysts in muscle • Causes trichinosis • Pinworms • Males are haploid, females diploid • Live in large intestine • Filarial worms • Live in lymphatic system

  11. Caenorhabditis elegans • Extensively using in genetic and animal development research • Lineage of each cells is know and documented • Whole genome is cloned and sequenced

  12. Family Ancylostomidae • Hookworm • Ancylostoma duodenale • Necator americanus • Ancylostoma caninum

  13. Ancylostoma cutting “teeth” Ancylostoma caninum Necator americanus

  14. Male Copulatory Bursa

  15. Ancylostomidae larval forms Rhbaditiform larva Filariform larva *infective form

  16. Ancylostomidae

  17. Family Ascarididae • Humans • Ascaris lumbricoides • Pigs • Ascaris suum • Cats • Toxocara cati • Dogs • Toxocara canis • Cats and Dogs • Toxocara leonina

  18. Ascaris lumbricoides

  19. Ascaris Egg Development

  20. Toxocara canis

  21. Toxocara in situ • Visceral organ migrans in intermediate host (rodent). • Visceral organ migrans in humans is a dead end infection.

  22. Toxocara cati • Adults in intestine • Heavy infection can cause intestinal blockage Toxocara cati

  23. Toxocara cati

  24. Toxocara transmission to young • Toxocara cati • transmammary route to kittens. • Toxocara canis • transplacental to fetus and transmammary route to puppies.

  25. Strongyloides sterocoralis • Homogonic cycle • Female is parasitic • Parthenogenesis • Heterogonic cycle • Free living worms can mate in soil

  26. Strongyloides stercoralis

  27. Enterobius vermicularis • Pinworm • Not very pathogenic only discomfort • Do not infect dogs or cats • Feed on epithelial cells and bacteria in intestine • Males are haploid, females diploid

  28. Enterobius vermicularis

  29. Male and Female Pinworms

  30. Flat sided pinworm eggs

  31. Dirofilaria immitis • Dog and cat heart worm • Transmitted through mosquitoes • Most common in dogs • Infects heart and lungs

  32. Dirofilaria immitis in blood

  33. Dirofilaria immitis in heart

  34. Wuchereria bancrofti • Causes Elephantitis • Swelling and blockage of lymph ducts cause massive swelling in late stages

  35. Trichinella spp. • Domestic cycle • Pigs • Trichinella spiralis • Sylvatic cycle (hunting and eating wild mammals) • Temerate Zone • Trichinella britovi • Trichinella spiralis • Trichinella murrelli • Tropic Zone • Trichinella nelsoni • Arctic Zone • Trichinella nativa

  36. Trichinella spiralis

  37. Trichinella spiralis in situ Muscle Blood

  38. Phylum Acanthocephala • Absorb nutrients through tegument • Infect livestock, dogs and cats • Requires invertebrate intermediate host • For example – beetle grubs are the intermediate host for pig infection

  39. Proboscis • Everts and attaches to intestine

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