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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests. Examining an Essential Question:. “With the dawn of the 16 th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas.”
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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests
Examining an Essential Question: • “With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas.” • Assess the validity of this statement with respect to (a) religion (b) trade (c) technology.
Religious Conflict • Later years of Renaissance: intense religious zeal and conflict • A. Catholic victory in Spain. • B. Protestant revolt in northern Europe.
Expanding Trade • A. Africa, India, China • B. The significance of 1453 • C. The role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Technology • A. Increase in scientific knowledge and technological change • B. Improvements of others’ inventions: • 1. gunpowder • 2. sailing compass • C. Shipbuilding, mapmaking • D. Printing press
New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant
Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c
The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II
The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa
The Slave Trade • Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. • Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. • Sugar cane & sugar plantations. • First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. • 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries. • Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
Slave Ship “Middle Passage”
African CaptivesThrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!
The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves
Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World • Encomiendaor forced labor. • Council of the Indies. • Viceroy. • New Spain and Peru. • Papal agreement.
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Impact of European Exploration Native populations ravaged by disease. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened colonial rivalries.