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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests. Examining an Essential Question:. “With the dawn of the 16 th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas.”

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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

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  1. The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

  2. Examining an Essential Question: • “With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas.” • Assess the validity of this statement with respect to (a) religion (b) trade (c) technology.

  3. Religious Conflict • Later years of Renaissance: intense religious zeal and conflict • A. Catholic victory in Spain. • B. Protestant revolt in northern Europe.

  4. Expanding Trade • A. Africa, India, China • B. The significance of 1453 • C. The role of Prince Henry the Navigator

  5. Technology • A. Increase in scientific knowledge and technological change • B. Improvements of others’ inventions: • 1. gunpowder • 2. sailing compass • C. Shipbuilding, mapmaking • D. Printing press

  6. A Map of the Known World,pre- 1492

  7. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  8. New Weapons Technology

  9. Christofo Colon [1451-1506]

  10. Columbus’ Four Voyages

  11. Other Voyages of Exploration

  12. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c

  13. Atlantic Explorations

  14. The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II

  15. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

  16. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  17. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

  18. The “Columbian Exchange”

  19. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

  20. The Slave Trade • Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. • Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. • Sugar cane & sugar plantations. • First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. • 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries. • Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

  21. Slave Ship “Middle Passage”

  22. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

  23. African CaptivesThrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

  24. European Empires in the Americas

  25. The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

  26. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World • Encomiendaor forced labor. • Council of the Indies. • Viceroy. • New Spain and Peru. • Papal agreement.

  27. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission

  28. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

  29. New Colonial Rivals

  30. Impact of European Exploration Native populations ravaged by disease. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened colonial rivalries.

  31. New Patterns of World Trade

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