B y: Stephanie & Katie

1. EXCRETORY SYSTEM By: Stephanie & Katie

2. Table of Contents Function Slide 3 Major organ Slide 4 The work of organs Slide 5 Systems connected Slide 6-7 Levels of organization Slide 8 Diseases that affect excretory system Slide 9-10 Healthy system Slide 10 Professions that work with this system Slide 11-12 Facts Slide 13 References Slide 14

3. The role of this system • The role of the excretory system is to eliminate liquid waste from the body. • Without this system the body would build up too much toxic waste to allow it to function properly.

4. Major organs of excretory system The major organs of the excretory system are kidneys, bladder, ureter and urethra. Kidney: Filters waste from the blood. Bladder: Stores liquid waste. Ureter: Carries waste from the kidney to the bladder. Urethra: Carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

5. How do the major organs work together? • The kidneys filter waste from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. • The bladder is where urine is stored. • Theureter iswhere the urine passes through to drain into the bladder. • The urethra is the last part of this system, it is where the urine passes through to exit the body.

6. The excretory system’s partner The excretory system is connected to the circulatory system and endocrine system. first the blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two kidneys. Urea, uric acid, and water are removed from the blood and most of the water is put back into the system.

7. The excretory system’s partner Second the endocrine system is the major controller of the excretory system. As levels of compounds and fluids are monitored, kidney function must be constantly altered to provide the best internal environment for your cells. If you drink too much water, hormones are released that allow for more urine production. If you are dehydrated, less urine will be produced.

8. Levels of organization Organism Organsystem Organ Tissue Cell

9. Levels of organization The kidneys are organs, they are made up of many types of tissues and cells. One of the types of tissues is epithelial tissue, it surrounds the kidneys. The epithelial tissue is made up of many epithelial cells.

10. Diseases that affect the excretory system Uremia is a disease that affects excretion. Uremia is when urea and other waste products build up in the body because the kidneys are unable to eliminate them. These substances can become poisonous (toxic) to the body if they reach high levels. Uremia can result from any disorder that impairs the functioning of the kidneys or that hinders the excretion of urine from the body. The ultimate treatment for uremia is dialysis and it is not treatable by other medical means.

11. Diseases that affect excretory system Kidney Stones is when uric acid forms crystals that bundle up in the kidneys, this prevents the kidneys from functioning correctly and causes pain. Medical evidence suggests that drinking too few fluids can increase the risk for forming kidney stones because dehydration concentrates the minerals in the urine and makes crystal formation easier. But unfortunately there is no cure for kidney stones

12. How to maintain a healthy system • To keep a healthy urinary tract you should be sure to drink water when you are thirsty. This helps keep urine flowing normally and it helps avoid blockages in the urinary tract. • Also don’t eat too much salt. Excess salt keeps the salt/mineral/water in your kidneys off balance. Too much salt is also known to cause kidney stones.

13. Professions that work with this system A urologist is a profession that works with the excretory system. Urology is the medical and surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females. A urologist helps women with bladder infections or incontinence, or men with impotence or problems passing urine. A urologist usually works from within a hospital. Often the patient will have a choice between several hospitals and /or several urologists, although most general practitioners deal with only one or two urologists, with whom he/she is familiar.

14. Professions that work with this system A Nephrologist is a doctor that deals with the excretory system. These medical professionals specialize in diagnosing and managing the function of diseases and other complications associated with the kidneys. Nephrologists often spend part of their day in their office, interviewing and examining patients, and then spend another part of the day visiting other patients in the hospital and reviewing their progress. They also spend time meeting with doctors who have referred patients to them, discussing the patients' progress

15. The Facts • 6 Interesting or Strange Facts • 1) The average person pees about 3000 times a year. • 2) The average adult bladder can hold 16-24 ounces of urine. • 3) One kidney measures approximately 4 inches. • 4) The average person passes approximately 1.5 to 2 liters of urine a day • 5) In a healthy adult almost 440 gallons of blood passes through the kidneys every day. • 6)Ancient Rome used urine as a bleaching agent for cleaning clothes.

16. Reference • Organs and their function • https://sites.google.com/site/excretorysystem305/organs-and-their-functions • The excretory system- library- Think Quest • http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01618/excretory.html • body systems – excretory system • https://8salembodysystems.wikispaces.com/Excretory+System • Kidney stones • http://www.kidneystonetreatmentsite.com/?gclid=CLyVtLva9LoCFUlp7AodGDUA2Q • Uremia • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/619668/uremia • The facts • http://excretorysystemmiguel.weebly.com/fun-facts.html • The doctor that deal with excretory system • http://www.uzleuven.be/en/urological-surgery/what-does-a-urologist-actually-do • http://www.methedoctor.com/urinary-system-problems-doctors.htm • 6 tips for keeping your urinary system healthy • http://urology.about.com/od/infections/tp/5tipsforurinehealth.htm • Organs of the urinary system and their functions • http://voices.yahoo.com/organs-urinary-system-their-functions-7013994.htm

17. Reference Interesting facts about the urinary system http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_som_interesting_facts_about_the_urinary_system#slide2 Urinary system facts http://www.buzzle.com/articles/urinary-system-facts.html 15 Interesting Facts About the Human Bladder http://www.cairntechnology.com/15-interesting-facts-about-the-bladder