Beliefs and Teachings

1. Beliefs and Teachings Eduqas GCSE Religious Studies Component 3: JUDAISM

2. Contents • Life on Earth • Pikuach Nefesh • Applying Pikuach Nefesh • Free Will and Mitvot • The Afterlife • Beliefs about Life after Death • Orthodox & Reform beliefs about Life after Death • The Nature of God • God as One • God as Creator • God as Law Giver and Judge • Shekinah (Divine Presence) • Messiah • Origins of the Messiah • Key beliefs of Messiah • Orthodox and Reform beliefs about Messiah • Covenants • What is a Covenant? • The Abrahamic Covenant • The Covenant at Mount Sinai • The Ten Commandments

3. THE NATURE OF GOD

4. What do Jews believe that god is like?

5. Starter Look at the following images. What do they tell you about what Jews believe about the nature of God?

6. Learning Outcomes Understand the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain this belief in relation to The Shema and link them to passages in Genesis

7. God is One God is a single, whole being that cannot be divided. Judaism is a monotheistic religion. This means the belief in one God. Therefore, God is everlasting and beyond something that humans can understand because of how great God is. God as One is best expressed in the first two verses of the Shema, an important Jewish prayer. This means He is the only thing that should be praised as He alone has the power over all things. He is almighty.

8. God is One

9. The Shema Deuteronomy 6: 4-5 The prayer which expresses the oneness of God. It is said in the morning and at night.

10. God is Creator God created the universe out of nothing, exactly how He wanted it to be. Genesis tells Jews that God is the One creator of the whole world. Therefore, God has a major effect and influence on the world and people’s place within it. God expects loyalty from his people for giving them the gift that is earth and because he sustains the world in which they live. He has almighty power over the world as He was the one to create it.

11. Genesis 1:3-5 The 7 days of creation 2 days to create all living creatures 4 days to create the universe to support life Rest: Shabbat

12. Genesis 1: 26-28 Humans were made in the image of God… Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.” So God created mankind in his own image,    in the image of God he created them;    male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”

13. Learning Outcomes Understand the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain this belief in relation to The Shema and link them to passages in Genesis

14. What do Jews believe God is like?

15. As an Orthodox Jew, I believe that the story of the 7 days of creation, in Genesis, is 100% factual. I believe that it happened around 6000 years ago and I reject all scientific theories like the theory of evolution. • We have this attitude because: • We are loyal in every way to God who gave us life on earth. • The belief that God is One helps us have a greater understanding of the wat we should live our lives. To show loyalty to God. • As God has direct power and influence on what happens in the world it is important for us to follow what is says in the Torah extremely closely.

16. As a Reform Jew, I believe… that God created the universe and everything in it. However, I do accept that some scientific theories, like the evolution theory, may be correct in some ways. • I have this attitude because: • The world is much older than 6000 years, therefore the evolution theory may be correct. • God was the being that made the process of evolution begin. • We do not take the 7 days of creation literally. This does not mean God didn’t create the world. • The meaning behind the creation story helps us understand we need to be loyal to God.

17. Learning Outcomes Understand the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain this belief in relation to The Shema and link them to passages in Genesis

18. Plenary Answer the following question: Why is it important for Jews to believe in the oneness of God and that he is the creator? You must include information about the four images below

19. Learning Outcomes Understand the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain the Jewish belief that God is One and an Almighty Creator Explain this belief in relation to The Shema and link them to passages in Genesis

20. What do Jews believe about god as law-giver and judge?

21. Starter Memory game! How many of the 10 Commandments can we remember as a class?

22. First Do not worship any other God Second Do not make any idols Third Do not misuse the name of God Fourth Honour your father and mother Fifth Keep the Sabbath day Holy Sixth Do not commit murder

23. Seventh Do not commit adultery Eighth Do not steal Ninth Do not lie Tenth Do not covet- do not be greedy

24. Learning Outcomes Understand that the main part of the Jewish law is to follow the 10 Commandments Explain how and why Jews should follow the Mitzvot Explain how and why God is there to judge Jews on how they follow the laws

25. God as Law-giver and Judge The basis of the Jewish law is the 10 Commandments. God gave laws to help people exercise their free will in the correct way. The Torah contains 613 laws. These are called the mitzvot. They form the basis of the Halakhah which is the code of conduct for Jewish life. God judges people especially at Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish new year) and after death. God judges everyone on how they follow these laws. He judges them on their beliefs and actions.

26. The 10 Commandments

27. What is similar and different about your rules? Jewish rules and laws My own rules and laws

28. How and why Jews follow the mitzvot? The 10 commandments are the basis of how a Jew should live their life in accordance to Gods will. The mitzvot helps Jews be true to their religion. The 10 Commandments are the direct word of God that were given to the people through Moses. God gave Jews the previous gift of life on earth. The least that people can do is follow his 613 laws. Many of the laws are easy to follow. If a Jewish person lives a moral life they will already be abiding by many of Gods laws.

29. As an Orthodox Jew, I believe we should uphold every area of the mitzvot. All of the Jewish laws are important and we must follow them. The 10 commandments should be the basis of our lives. As a Reform Jew, I believe the ritual side of Judaism can seem a bit outdated. I believe that many of the rules we have are not compatible with modern life. Therefore, much of this can be set aside to focus on more relevant rules.

30. C Exam Practice! c) Explain why Moses is important in Judaism. [8] What is the examiner looking for? 2 extremely detailed paragraphs Explain key idea within the question – use the words of the question! Use the word ‘because’ Give an example from a source of wisdom (Torah/Tenakh) Develop your example – use a sentence ending! How does the belief impact on the lives of Jews? 8 marks 8 mins

31. Exam Questions (a) What are 'mitzvot'? [2] (c) Explain why Moses is important in Judaism. [8] (d) “Keeping the Ten Commandments is the most important part of Judaism.” Discuss the statement showing that you have considered more than one point of view. [15] (You must refer to religion and belief in your answer.)

32. Learning Outcomes Understand that the main part of the Jewish law is to follow the 10 Commandments Explain how and why Jews should follow the Mitzvot Explain how and why God is there to judge Jews on how they follow the laws

33. Plenary Think about why you follow the rules in your own life and why Jews follow their rules from God. On a post it note answer this question: Why does God give so many laws and why does He want to judge them? Think about the different information you have learnt today when writing your answer.

34. Learning Outcomes Understand that the main part of the Jewish law is to follow the 10 Commandments Explain how and why Jews should follow the Mitzvot Explain how and why God is there to judge Jews on how they follow the laws

35. What is the shekinah and why is it important?

36. Starter If you saw the presence of God on earth, what would you see? Draw a picture which might show that God exists on earth. Use my example to help you:

37. The Shekhinah Shekhinah means: The divine presence of God on earth

38. Learning Outcomes Understand the meaning of the word ‘Shekhinah’ Explain what the Shekhinah is in Judaism Explain how the Shekhinah is important in Judaism

39. The Shekhinah After God told Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt in search of the promised land (Israel), he also instructed him to build a tabernacle, a portable temple, which God would dwell within as they travelled. It is a key belief in Judaism that God led the Jews out of Egypt. The Tabernacle kept the presence of God with the Jews as they travelled, and maintained their connection with him. This connection has continued through worship today in the synagogue. As God directed, a light burns in front of the Ark within the synagogue. This represents Gods divine presence.

40. What is the Shekhinah? It is taught that the Shekhinahis present during study as this is also a form of worship. The Shekhinah is something referred to often in the Talmud (the oral laws) The Shekhinah is forever present during collective worship, prayer, study of the Jewish holy documents and in the synagogue. The Shekhinahis also relevant to prayer. When a Jew has finished praying they are overcome with God’s power. Collective worship is important in Judaism, therefore, in prayer there must be at least 10 gathered for the Shekhinah to be present.

41. Learning Outcomes Understand the meaning of the word ‘Shekhinah’ Explain what the Shekhinah is in Judaism Explain how the Shekhinah is important in Judaism

42. Why is Shekhinah important? It acts within the world. It guides the people to live how God wants them to. The Shekhinah sees the loyalty of Gods people and reminds them they must stay true to Him. The divine presence of God saved the Israelites from slavery by guiding them out of Egypt. It connects the history of Judaism, and is a constant reminder of what God has done in the past, to the people living as Jews today.

43. Bible Detectives • Genesis 3:8 - 8 That evening they heard the Lord God walking in the garden, and they hid from him among the trees. • Exodus 3:4-6 - When the Lord saw that Moses was coming closer, he called to him from the middle of the bush and said, “Moses! Moses!” He answered, “Yes, here I am.” 5 God said, “Do not come any closer. Take off your sandals, because you are standing on holy ground. 6 I am the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” So Moses covered his face, because he was afraid to look at God • Exodus 24:16 - 16-17 The dazzling light of the Lord's presence came down on the mountain. To the Israelites the light looked like a fire burning on top of the mountain. The cloud covered the mountain for six days, and on the seventh day the Lord called to Moses from the cloud. • Complete Bible detectives worksheet.

44. As an Orthodox Jew, I believe that the Shekhinah(the divine presence of God) is with us when Jewish people are together. It is there when we study the Torah and the Talmud. It is also there when ten people are gathered in the synagogue to pray.

45. As a Reform Jew, I believe that the Shekhinah (the divine presence of God) is with us when Jewish people are together. He is there when we study the Torah and the Talmud. He is also there when ten people are gathered in the synagogue to pray. A small number of Jews believe the Shekhinah is the feminine presence of God, because in Hebrew the word is feminine. Task Look up Exodus 40:34-35 for an example.

46. Exam Questions What is the meaning of 'Shekinah'? [2] (d) "You have to go to the synagogue to be a Jew." Discuss this statement showing that you have considered more than one point of view. [15] (You must refer to religion and belief in your answer.)

47. Learning Outcomes Understand the meaning of the word ‘Shekinah’ Explain what the Shekinah is in Judaism Explain how the Shekinah is important in Judaism

48. Plenary Quiz! Answer the following questions on your white boards: Where can the Shekinah be found? How did it help the Jews of the past? How many people need to be gathered for the Shekinah to be present? Where do Orthodox Jews believe it is present? Give one reason why the Shekinah is important.

49. Learning Outcomes Understand the meaning of the word ‘Shekinah’ Explain what the Shekinah is in Judaism Explain how the Shekinah is important in Judaism

50. MESSIAH