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Fractional Order Modeling & Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources

Fractional Order Modeling & Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources. Major Professor : Dr. Chen Committee members: Dr. Cripps, Dr. Spencer, Dr. Wu and Dr. Ban Presenter: Hadi Malek Ph.D. Student Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Utah State University

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Fractional Order Modeling & Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources

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  1. Fractional Order Modeling & Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources Major Professor : Dr. Chen Committee members: Dr. Cripps, Dr. Spencer, Dr. Wu and Dr. Ban Presenter: HadiMalek Ph.D. Student Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Utah State University 04/27/2012 Email: hadi.malek@ieee.org

  2. Outline • New trends in power electronics for applying fractional order calculus (FOC) in grid-connected renewable energy systems. • Advantages of using FOC. • Review of the current system and recent researchers regarding applying FOC.

  3. Introduction Increasing number of renewable energy resourcesand distributed generators New strategies for theoperation and management of the electricity grid Improve the power-supply reliability and quality

  4. Power-electronics technology Plays an important role in distributed generation Integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid Fast evolution, due to: development of fast semiconductor switches introduction of real-time controllers

  5. Variable-speed technology – 5% increased efficiency Easy control of active and reactive power flows Rotor acts as a flywheel (storing energy) No flicker problems Higher cost New technologies - wind turbines

  6. Wind turbine technology Wind-turbine market has been growing at over 30% a year Important role in electricity generation Germany and Spain

  7. Rectifier and chopper Energy Transfer Control of the active and reactive powers total-harmonic-distortioncontrol Energy storage CONTROL of Vdc driver controlling the torque generator, using a vector control strategy step-up chopper is used to adapt the rectifier voltage to the dc-link voltage of the inverter.

  8. PV Photovoltaic Technology PV systems as an alternativeenergy resource ComplementaryEnergy-resource in hybrid systems Solar-electric-energy growth consistently 20%–25% per annum over the past 20 years 1) an increasing efficiency of solar cells 2) manufacturing-technology improvements 3) economies of scale

  9. PV growth 2001, 350 MW of solar equipment was sold 2003, 574 MW of PV was installed. In 2004 increased to 927 MW Significant financial incentives in Spain, Germany, Italy and France triggered a huge growth in demand http://www.erec.org

  10. Perspectives World solar photovoltaic (PV) installations were 2.826 GW peak (GWp) in 2007, and 5.95 GW in 2008 The three leading countries (US, Germany, & Japan) represent nearly 89% of the total worldwide PV installed capacity. In 2012, 12.3GW- 18.8GW (expected!) http://www.renewableenergyworld.com

  11. Efficiency Market leader in solar panel efficiency (measured by energy conversion ratio) is SunPower, (San Jose USA) - 23.4% market average of 12-18%. (http://www.sroeco.com) Efficiency of 42% achieved at the University of Delaware in conjunction with DuPont (concentration) in 2007. The highest efficiency achieved without concentration is by Sharp Corporation at 35.8% using a proprietary triple-junction manufacturing technology in 2009. G. Pilawjian , “Analysis of Photovoltaic Concentrating Solar Energy Systems”, ARPN Journal of Systems and Software VOL. 2, NO. 3, March 2012.

  12. ON Grid – OFF Grid

  13. Power-Quality Requirements for Grid-Connected RES Flicker + interharmonics Anti-Islanding Voltage Fault Ride Through Capability Standards (IEEE, NEC, IEC, …)

  14. Requirements K. Fujii1, N. Kanao, T. Yamada1, Y. Okuma, “Fault Ride Through Capability for Solar Inverters”, Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011-14th European Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-9, Aug. 30 2011-Sept. 1 2011

  15. Islanding Islanding is the continued operationof the inverter when the grid has been removed on purpose, byaccident, or by damage Detection schemes - active and passive. The passive methods -monitor grid parameters. The active schemes introduce a disturbance into thegrid and monitor the effect.

  16. Islanding PV Generator Converter AC-DC Local Loads Grid

  17. Standards Flicker analysis Switching operations. Voltage and current transients Harmonic analysis (FFT) - rectangular windows of eight cycles of fundamental frequency. THD up to 50th harmonic

  18. Standards The standards EN61000-3-2, IEEE1547, U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC) 690 IEC61727 power quality, detection of islandingoperation, grounding structure and thefeatures of the present and future PV modules.

  19. Maximum Power Point Tracker EX.: ripple voltage should be below 8.5% of the MPP voltage in order to reach a utilization ratio of 98% S.B. Kjaer, Member, J. K. Pedersen, F. Blaabjerg, “A Review of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 41, NO. 5, OCT 2005

  20. High efficiency Wide range of input voltage and input power Very wide ranges as functions of solar irradiation and ambient temperature.

  21. Fractional Order Calculus • Definitions • Why Fractional Order Calculus? • What have been done? • What’s the plan?

  22. Fractional Order Calculus Reimann-Liouville Definition: Caputo Definition:

  23. Fractional Order Calculus • Laplace Transform

  24. Fractional Order Calculus I. Podlubny, “Geometric and physical interpretation of fractional integration and fractional differentiation”, Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 367– 386, 2002.

  25. Fractional Order Calculus(Why?) • Stability Is BIBO stable if: Ivo Petras, “STABILITY OF FRACTIONAL-ORDER SYSTEMS WITH RATIONAL ORDERS: A SURVEY”, Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis, Vol 12, No. 3, 2009

  26. Fractional Order Calculus(Why?) • Robustness Y.Q. Chen, H.S. Ahn and I. Podlubny, “Robust Stability Check of Fractional Order Linear Time Invariant Systems With Interval Uncertainties”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics & Automation Niagara Falls, Canada • July 2005

  27. Fractional Order Calculus • More Degree of Freedom • Better Time Domain Specification

  28. Fractional Order Calculus(Why?) • Nature of Input Z. J. Ye X., Xia X. and Y.Q. Chen, “Fractional analysis and synthesis of the variability of irradiance and pv power time series,” in FDA, (China), May 2012.

  29. Fractional Order Calculus(Why?) • Nature of the System

  30. Fractional Order Calculus(Why?) • Nature of the System

  31. Fractional Order Calculus(Done!) • Wind Turbine R. Melício, V.M.F. Mendes, J.P.S. Catalão, Fractional-order control and simulation of wind energy systems with PMSG/full-power converter topology, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 51, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 1250-1258.

  32. Fractional Order Calculus(Done!) • FO Controller for Three Level MNP Inverter K. Arab-Tehrani, T. Capitaine, Ludovic Barrandon , M. Hamzaoui, S.M.R.Rafieiand A. Lebrun, “Current Control Design with a Fractional-Order PID for a Three-Level Inverter” FDA2012.

  33. Fractional Order Calculus(Done!) • FO Controller for Three Level MNP Inverter

  34. Fractional Order Calculus(Done!) • FO Controller for DC-DC Buck Converter A.J. Calder´on, B. V. Vinagre, and V. Feliu. Fractional Order Control of a Power Electronics Buck Converter. In Proceeding of the 5th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control 2002 (Controlo 2002), pages 365–370, September 5th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control.

  35. Fractional Order Calculus (Feasibility!) • Analoge Implementation Gary W. Bohannan, “Analog Realization of a Fractional Control Element”, October 27, 2002

  36. Fractional Order Calculus (Feasibility!) • Digital Implementation

  37. Research Plan • Grid-Connected PV System

  38. Research Plan • Irradiation http://www.mavericksolar.net/

  39. Research Plan • FO MPPT

  40. Research Plan • FO MPPT http://www.mpoweruk.com

  41. Research Plan • FO MPPT (Extremum Seeking Control) M. Krstic & H.H. Wang, Automatica, 36, 2000.

  42. Research Plan • FO MPPT (Extremum Seeking Control) Ref: S.L. Brunton, C.W. Rowley, R.K. Sanjeev, C. Clarkson, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 25, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2010

  43. Research Plan • Traditional Control Strategy Zhang, Jianzhong; Cheng, Ming; , "DC link voltage control strategy of grid-connected wind power generation system," Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2010 2nd IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.970-975, 16-18 June 2010

  44. Research Plan • FO DC Link Voltage Control

  45. Research Plan • FO Current Control Loop Romero-Cadaval, E.; Milanes-Montero, M.I.; Gonzalez-Romera, E.; Barrero-Gonzalez, F.; , "Power Injection System for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation Systems Based on Two Collaborative Voltage Source Inverters," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.56, no.11, pp.4389-4398, Nov. 2009

  46. Research Plan • FO Current Control Loop

  47. Research Plan • FO Filtering K. Fujii1, N. Kanao, T. Yamada1, Y. Okuma, “Fault Ride Through Capability for Solar Inverters”, Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011-14th European Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-9, Aug. 30 2011-Sept. 1 2011

  48. Research Plan • FO Filtering G. Shen, D. Xu, L. Cao, and X. ZhuAn, “Improved Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Voltage Source Inverters With an LCL Filter”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 23, NO. 4, JULY 2008.

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