Multiple Benefits of Short Lived Climate Pollutant Mitigation for Latin America and the Caribbean

1. Multiple Benefits of Short Lived Climate Pollutant Mitigation for Latin America and the Caribbean Paulo Artaxo, Graciela Raga and the LAC Regional SLCP Assessment Initiative Goal: Develop a scientifically robust policy-relevant integrated assessment of SLCPs for Latin America and the Caribbean

2. UNEP/WMO - 50 Contributors, over 100 reviewers UNEP/WMO Coordinators UNEP/WMO Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone Johan Kuylenstierna, Stockholm Environment Institute, SEI, Scientific Coordinator and lead author Drew Shindell, NASA-GISS, Chair; Vice-Chairs: Frank Raes, Joint Research Centre, EC; V. Ramanathan, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Kim Oanh, AIT; Luis Cifuentes, Catholic University of Chile Coordinating lead authors: David Streets, Argonne National Laboratory; David Fowler, CEH; Lisa Emberson, SEI; Martin Williams, Kings College London 50 Contributors, over 100 reviewers UNEP/WMO Coordinators: VolodymyrDemkine, UNEP / LiisaJalkanen, WMO In the LAC new initiative: Done in the region, coordinated by the region with focus on the region, supporting rapid actions in the region, with many benefits

3. What are short-lived climate pollutants? Black carbon Methane Tropospheric ozone Other key SLCP • Relatively short-lived in the atmosphere, with faster route to effects • Most of them are air pollutants with important public health and food security impacts • One of the main causes of global warming • Multiple benefits of reducing SLCPs: • Reduce regional air pollution - Protect health, crops and ecosystems. • Slow down near-term global warming, reduce regional impacts of climate change

4. Lifetimes in the atmosphere

5. Ground level ozone is increasing Due to methane and other precursors • Reducing ground level ozone: • protects public health • reduces ozone damage • to crops Source: UNEP GEO-5, HTAP

6. Air pollution: unfinished business on thesustainable development agenda Progress towards global environmental goals (UNEP GEO-5) Outdoor air pollution Urgent issue in most large urban areas About 90.000 premature deaths each year due to outside air pollution in LAC. Indoor air pollution “Indoor air pollution from particulate matter continues to have major health impacts, particularly on women and children.” around 40.000 people die each year prematurely from illness attributable to indoor air pollution in LAC Source: WHO statistics

7. A package of 16 measures can substantially reduce emissions and achieve multiple benefits including health • Mitigation measures ranked by net climate impact (using GWP) of emission changes • Considering CO, CH4, BC, OC, SO2, NOX, NMVOCs, and CO2 • Picked the top measures – about 90% of warming benefit • Black carbon measures • addressing emissions from incomplete combustion • - BC, OC, methane, CO, NMVOCs • Methane measures • reducing methane emissions • No technical breakthroughs • These measures already implemented in many countries • Cost-effective

8. The measures aiming at reducing methane emissions Intermittent aeration -paddy Recovery from wastewater Recovery from oil and gas Recovery from livestock manure /change feed Recovery from landfill Coal mine methane capture Reducing pipeline leakage

9. The measures aiming to reduce black carbon emissions Modern coke ovens Remove big smokers / DPF Improved biomass stoves Cooking with clean fuel Improved brick kilns Pellet biomass heating stoves Coal briquettes replacing coal Reduce agricultural burning Reduce flaring

11. HEALTH IMPACTS: Implementing the Black Carbon measures avoids about 2.4 million premature deaths globally each year In Latin America and the Caribbean about 39,000 premature deaths would be avoided each year

12. Effect of measures on global emissions projected in 2030 relative to 2005 9 BC measures reduce ̴80% of BC 7 CH4 measures reduce ̴25% of CH4 relative to 2030 BC measures reduce CO

13. Regional Warming Benefits Comparison of regional mean warming over land (˚C) - change in 2070 compared with 2005 for the reference scenario and the SLCP measures scenario

14. Conclusions Develop a scientifically robust policy-relevant integrated assessment of SLCPs for Latin America and the Caribbean • Addressing SLCPs is a development issue – countries reducing emissions will benefit from improved health and Improve food security. • Improved urban air pollution increasing efficiency in transportation system, industrial emissions, and other measures • 16 identified measures, implemented by 2030, would reduce warming in LAC by 0.5oC in 2050 halving the rate of warming projected by the Reference Scenario, and reduce some near term climate change impacts on vulnerable areas, such as the Andes. • Near-term measures would improve the chance of not exceeding 2oC target, but only if CO2 is also addressed, starting now (complementary strategies; not alternatives). • SLCF emission reductions IS NOT an alternative to CO2 mitigation. • Many measures achieve cost savings over time, increasing competitiveness. We now need a tailored LAC integrated assessment to support rapid action!!!

15. Participation of National governments in LAC region is critical to this effort! TO NOMINATE YOUR NATIONAL FOCAL POINT PLEASE CONTACT:  Ileana Villalobos, National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (ileana.villalobos@inecc.gob.mx ); Charles Davies, UNEP (Charles.Davies@unep.org ) More information in the "INFORMATIONPAPER FOR NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS" which can be found here: www.unep.org/ccac/