Youth Substance Abuse St. Louis Job Corps

1. Youth Substance Abuse St. Louis Job Corps Psychological Network, Inc. 58 Portwest Ct. St. Charles, Mo. 63303 636-916-5800

2. Why Substance AbuseImportant! • Biggest predictor of success at Job Corps. • Biggest predictor of success working. • No. 2 reason for work disability! • Other????

3. Substance Abuse: A pattern of substance use that shows one or more of the following recurrent issues in a 12 month period • Use impairs work, school or home. • Use places youth in physically hazardous situations. • Use results in legal difficulties • Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems. (DSM IV)

4. Substance Dependence One or more of the following recurrent issues in a twelve month period: • Increase tolerance • Withdrawal symptoms • Using more over longer period than intended • Desire to stop or unsuccessful attempts to stop • Lots of time spent trying to get the substance, getting high or recovering from use. • Social, work, school activities given up due to use. • Continued use despite physical or psychological problems directly associated with use.

5. What to Look for! • Physical • Loss of appetite, increase in appetite, any changes in eating habits, unexplained weight loss or gain. • Slowed or staggering walk, poor physical coordination. • Inability to sleep, awake at unusual times, unusual laziness. • Red, watery eyes; pupils larger or smaller than usual; black stare. • Cold, sweaty palms: shaking hands • Puffy face, blushing or paleness. • Smell of substance on breath, body or clothes • Extreme hyperactivity; excessive talkativeness • Runny nose; hacking cough • Needle marks • Nausea, vomiting or excessive sweating, tremors, • Irregular heartbeat

6. What to look for • Behavioral • Changes in overall attitude/personality with no other cause. • Changes in friends, new hang-outs • Change in activities or hobbies • Drop in grades or involvement • Change in habits at home • Difficulty in paying attention: forgetfulness • Lack of motivation, energy, “I don’t care” • Sudden oversensitivity, temper tantrums • Moodiness, irritability • Silliness • Paranoia • Excessive need for privacy • Secretive • Chronic Dishonesty

7. Marijuana • Short Term -Problems with memory, learning -distorted perception (sights, sounds) -trouble with thinking and problem solving. -loss of coordination -increased heart rate - increased anxiety

8. Marijuana cont. • Long term effects - cancer - respiratory problems - impaired immune system - amotivational syndrome - addiction

9. Not the Pot of the 70’s • Hybrids of both cannabis saiva and cannabis indica have been cross bred, resulting in high potency marijuana containing sometimes dangerously high levels of THC.

10. Depressants • Alcohol -remains one of the most abused substances by youth. -binge drinking is common Short Term effects: Loss of coordination, slowed reaction time, all body functions slowed, decreased inhibitions. Long Term effects: Alcoholism Medical Complications: Alcohol poisoning

11. Depressants Cont. • Benzodiazapenes-pills -valium, ativan, xanax, librium, tranxene, halcion • Short term effects -drowsiness -dizziness -slurred speech • Long Term effects: Addiction

12. Depressants associated with predatory rape! • Rohypnol-pills -forget me pill, mexican valium, roofies Short Term effects - muscle relaxation -loss of muscle control -loss of consciousness -partial amnesia

13. Depressants associated with predatory rape cont. • GHB-odorless colorless liquid -G,georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy -Short Term effects Drowsiness, nausea, unconsciousness

14. Stimulants • Methamphetamine (Mo. Remains the number one state for meth.in the U.S.) -Meth, crank, crystal, tweek, fire, glass, ice Short Term Effects: -increased heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure, muscle tension, anxiety -decreased need for sleep -sensitivity to light sound and touch -increased activity -rapid speech -violent behavior Medical Complications: heart attack, seizures, stroke

15. Stimulants cont. • Ecstasy-MDMA Short Term effects -increased heart rate, body temp. and blood pressure. -euphoria -anxiety -decreased need for sleep -sensitivity to light sound and touch Medical Complications: increased likelihood for heart stroke and dehydration.

16. Stimulants cont. • Pschostimulants prescribed for ADD/ADHD • Aderall, Ritalin, Dexadrin

17. Stimulants cont. • Cocaine Short term effects -increased heart rate -euphoria -alertness -sensitivity to light and touch -decreased need for food and sleep -erratic behavior Medical complications: heart problems, respiratory failure, stroke, seizure

18. Hallucinogens • LSD (Acid, blotter, boomer’s microdot, yellow) Short Term effects -increased heart rate -altered states of perception -delusions -audio and visual hallucinations Long Term Effects -flash backs -brain damage -drug induced schizophrenia

19. Opiates • Heroin (smack, junk, dope, H., horse, boyd) Short term effects -surge of pleasure sensation -warm flushing of the skin -dry mouth -heavy feelings in the extremities -possible nausca/vomiting -severe itching -drowsiness for several hours -clouded mental functioning Medical Complications: overdose, collapsed veins, bacterial abscesses, infection of the heart

20. Opiates Cont. • Opium (Big O, black stuff, gum, hop • Prescription opiate pain killers codeine, morphine, Demerol, percocet, percodan, darvocet, darvon, vicodam, oxycontin.

21. Inhalants • Solvents • Paint thinner, gasoline, • Gasses (Butane, aerosol, computer duster Effects: Memory loss, difficulty concentrating, weight loss, depression, permanent brain damage, damage to respiratory and cardiovascular system.

22. Over the counter medications • Any medication containing Dextromethorphan (DXM) • Coicidin Cough and Cold, Robitussin, Nyquil • Dramamine

23. Skills Needed for intervention • Observation • Open Ended Questions • Active Listening • “I” messages • Referral if needed • Assistance in life style change

24. Application Sam is not the same. He came into J.C. testing negative. However, he has changed lately. He is not remembering his assignments. He seems very awkward lately. He is experiencing a lot of worry and anxiety lately. He is with a new group of students. He is not progressing in the program right now. How do you apply the intervention skills?

25. Plan of Action • Social Norming Approach • Dorm Meetings • One-On-One