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ISLAM - “to submit”

ISLAM - “to submit”. “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is the prophet of Allah”. Call to prayer. Muhammad “The Prophet”. born @ 570 CE in Mecca raised by an Uncle Quraish clan Hermit: spent time in solitude prayed in mtn caves Angel Gabriel appeared to him “RECITE” became QURAN

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ISLAM - “to submit”

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  1. ISLAM - “to submit” “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” Call to prayer

  2. Muhammad “The Prophet” • born @ 570 CE in Mecca • raised by an Uncle • Quraish clan • Hermit: spent time in solitude • prayed in mtn caves • Angel Gabriel appeared to him • “RECITE” • became QURAN • 1st convert to Islam • Muhammad’s 1st wife • merchant

  3. HEJIRA • 622 CE • first year of Muslim Calendar • migration of Mu. & Muslims fm Mecca to Medina • Yathrib changed to Medina (City o/t Prophet) • 2nd holiest site in Islam • 630 CE: war w/ Meccans • captures Mecca • dedicates KA’ABA to Allah • smashes all idols • holiest site in Islam

  4. FIVE PILLARS of ISLAM • Proclamation of Faith • Prayer five times a day • facing Mecca • Alms (charity) to the poor & aged • Fasting during Ramadan • Gabriel spoke to Mu • month of Hejira • no food/water btwn sunrise & sunset • Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca ONCE in a lifetime KA’ABA

  5. The QURAN • Muslim holy book • sits at the right hand of Allah • exact word of Allah as revealed to Mu. by Angel Gabriel • God becomes the Word • authority on religion, politics, law, economics & social life • forbidden to translate from Arabic • link btwn all Muslims

  6. Quranic teachings • “people of the book” • Jews & Christians • treat w/ tolerance • be merciful & compassionate • repeat 1st Pillar three times in front of male Muslim to become a Muslim • “I divorce you” x3 • Paradise or Hell (Judgment Day) • Hadith: traditional sayings o/t prophet • Inshallah (the will of God) • Belief in predestination • God controls all that happens

  7. Golden Age of Islam(1st fourCaliphs: successors to the Prophet) • Abu-Bakr (632-634 CE) • Mu’s father-in-law • united all Arab tribes • Umar (634-644) • Syria/Egypt from Bz. Emp. • captured Baghdad & Jerusalem • most of Persia conquered • murdered by Persian slave • Uthman (644-656) • captured Egypt & N. Africa • assassinated by fellow Muslims • Ali (656-661) • Mu’s son-in-law (hus. of Fatima) • assassinated by own people

  8. EXPANSION OF ISLAM • Arab armies united by their belief in Islam • Muslim warriors who died in combat won a place in paradise • Jihad • lure of riches (booty) • tolerant conquerors • special non-believers tax • Commerce spread

  9. Islamic Sects (divisions) • Sunni Muslims (80-90%) • any devout male Muslim can be Caliph • high moral character • Majority • Shi’ites (Shiah) (10-20%) • only descendents of Ali can be Caliph • only Imams can guide Muslims to salvation • minority (except Iran) • Sufism: mystical Islam

  10. Islamic Art

  11. Mosques What is a muezzin? What is a minaret?

  12. Islamic Customs and Laws • Follow strict dietary laws- • HALAL - name of Allah must be mentioned while animal is slaughtered – • Can’t drink alcohol • No gambling • Can’t kill animals for sport

  13. Women in Islam • Men & women are spiritual equals • Hijab shows Muslim identity • recognize intelligence, not sexuality • seen as feminine • Hadith: “seeking knowledge is mandatory for all Muslims”

  14. The Islamic (Arab) Empires • Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE) • Damascus is capital • emphasized Arab culture • Arabic main language • Gradually gov’t jobs went to Arabs • Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE) • Baghdad (God given) is capital • more than 1 million ppl • Muslim more important than being Arab • built libraries, hospitals, irrigation, mosques, schools

  15. Shari’a-Islamic Law • Evolved over time-all Muslims held same values • Traditions of Prophet (sunna) as revealed in reports (hadith) about Muh. words or deeds • Strict punishments for crimes- In some strongly Muslim countries there’s little difference between religious laws and country laws. • Ex: Death Penalty for murder

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