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Objective 10: Global Cultural Diffusion

Objective 10: Global Cultural Diffusion. “The Silk Roads formed a king of spinal column and rib cage of the world system for over 2000 years”. Global cultural diffusion.

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Objective 10: Global Cultural Diffusion

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  1. Objective 10: Global Cultural Diffusion “The Silk Roads formed a king of spinal column and rib cage of the world system for over 2000 years”

  2. Global cultural diffusion The exchange and subsequent transformation of things, ideas, religious and philosophical traditions, technologies and diseases over space and through time Paper: China Baghdad Europe

  3. Agents of diffusion6th-12th centuries Muslims Crusaders Mongols Mongols in Baghdad

  4. “Diffusers” • Migrants • Merchants • Missionaries • Marauders • Mites • “Mappers” and “Meanderers” (Travelers) Afroeurasian Intercommunicating Zone

  5. Steppe Nomad-Sedentary Conflict, see RGH pp. 199

  6. #1: Why is this false? • Southernization was the spread of European ideas and trade from areas surrounding the Mediterranean to the “southern regions” of India and China.

  7. Southernization by Lynda Shaffer Journal of World History 1994 • “a rich south and a poor north” • The process of spreading “southern” ideas, technologies, cash crops and mathematics to the “north” • Prosperity is linked to warmer temps for the growing of cotton • Southernization laid the foundation for westernization

  8. 40º North

  9. #2 Why false? • Trade over the silk road was only by land and, in the East, originated in China.

  10. From China: • paper technology • iron • varieties of Buddhism • Confucianism • gunpowder, compass From India: Buddhism Pepper Sugar Cotton “Arabic numerals” “zero” Lentils • From Southeast Asia: • Nutmeg • Mace • Cloves • Champa rice • Navigational techniques • lateen sail From East to West, often the Twain Shall Meet

  11. Egyptian Spice Bazaar in Istanbul (Constantinople)

  12. From Africa: gold salt iron

  13. Silk Roads

  14. What is “south”

  15. What is “north”?

  16. 40º North

  17. Trading world of Indian Ocean Basin, 600-1600 CE

  18. #3 Why false? • While Buddhism spread to parts of Asia and Christianity spread to Europe and Southwest Asia, Hinduism did not spread beyond India.

  19. The Spread of Religions

  20. Christianization of the Roman Empire Christianization of “pagan” cults and temples Christianization of Roman feast days Celebration of “martyrs” Conversion of Germanic peoples Persecuted religion intolerance of “pagans” Catholic Church in Assisi Formerly Temple of Minerva

  21. CHARLEMAGNE DEFEATS THE SAXONS Conversion by the Sword?

  22. THE HOLY THORN RELIQUARY OF JEAN, DUC DE BERRY

  23. #4 Why false? • Epidemic diseases reduced the populations of Han China and the Roman Empire, but can not be considered a factor in either’s decline.

  24. The Byzantine Empire The “Eastern Roman Empire” survived 1000 years after fall of west Maintained and reinterpreted Roman traditions Challenged by Persians and Islamic empires Emperor Constantine 275-337

  25. The “caesaropapist” emperors Byzantine emperors were both secular and religious leaders Constantine presided over the Council of Nicaea 325 CE Emperor Justinian

  26. Inside Hagia Sophia

  27. Byzantine art

  28. The Byzantine Empire at the time of Justinian

  29. Tensions between the Eastern and Western Churches Latin versus Greek Byzantine more philosophical and intellectual; viewed western church as unsophisticated 8th-9th centuries debates over “iconoclasm” and other issues 1054 schism in the church Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches

  30. #5 Why false? • Internal problems within the Chinese and Roman Empires were the major reasons for each’s decline.

  31. 8 Misconceptions of Islam • Islam another name for Mohammedism • Islam’s God is different than the Judeo Christian God • Most Muslims are Arab • Jihad is holy war against non Muslims • Islam encourages terrorism • Islam intolerant of other religions • Nation of Islam and Islam are the same • Islam is sexist

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