The Science of Chemistry

1. The Science of Chemistry Chapter 1, part B

2. I. What is chemistry? • Deals with the _______________ of matter • Physical states • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • (___________)

3. Chemical reactions • Describe how __________ behaves • NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl __________________ • Energy in reactions • ___________ – energy is absorbed, and the reaction feels cold • ___________ – energy is released, and the reaction feels warm

4. Properties • ________ – can be observed without changing the substance • ___________ – can only be observed by chemical change • Changes • ________ – does not change the properties of the substance • _______ – changes the substance both chemically and physically

5. Signs of chemical change Evolution of a _______ Formation of a __________________ The evolution of or absorption of _________ The emission of _______________ A ___________ change

6. II. What is matter? • Anything that has _____________________ • How do mass and weight differ? 1. mass is the ________________ in an object 2. weight is the ____________on the mass of an object.

7. III. What is the nature of matter? • ______________ • _________________of which all things are made • It would take nearly ________to form a line 1 mm long! • ______________ • The more than ________ types of atoms • Each has a unique set of ___________________________________________________________

8. 3. Each has a ______________________ a. this symbol may be _______letters in length b. the first letter is always ________________. • _____________________ • Two or more atoms combined in a ___________ • Atoms may be of the ______________________ _________________________________________ • ______________ • One of a number of different molecular forms of an element Ex.

9. IV. How is matter classified? • ___________ – pure substances composed of atoms of ______________________elements • ____________ compounds – smallest particle is a molecule • ____________ compounds – composed of ions • __________________________________________ ______________________________________________

10. 3. __________ – a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 4. ___________ - a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties (mostly opposite those of ______) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________

11. Organic or inorganic • _____________ – contains ___________ • _____________ – does not contain ________ • Formulas • ___________ – _______________ • Shows the ___of atoms but _____ how they’re bonded • ________ – shows the ____ of atoms _____ how they’re bonded • ____________– shows __________ arrangement • __________ - also shows geometric arrangement and most closely represents the ______________

13. _________ – a collection of two or more pure substances ____________ mixed together • ________ – _____ mixture (18-karat gold, bronze) • _________ – components are ______ distributed (a solution is the best example of this type of mixture) • ________________– components are _________ distributed

15. How to distinguish mixtures and compounds • The properties of a mixture _______ properties of the substances of which it is composed. • Compounds often have __________________ to the elements of which they are composed. • Compounds have a ___________ composition by mass • Mixtures have ____________ composition

17. Science Starter You have 10 bags with 1000 coins each. In one of the bags, all coins are forgeries. A true coin weighs 1 gram; each counterfeit coin weighs 1.1 gram. If you have an accurate scale, which you can use only once, how can you identify the bag with the forgeries? And what if you didn't know how many bags contained counterfeit coins?