ESPON 2.1.5: Territorial Impacts of European Fisheries Policy

1. ESPON 2.1.5: Territorial Impacts of European Fisheries Policy Third Interim Report Prepared for the Salzburg Seminar 13-14 March 2006 Ove Langeland, Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research, (NIBR), Norway

2. Key findings • Diagnosis – development of the Fisheries sector • CFP: Main territorial impacts of the conservation policy: • Capture fisheries sub-sector: Fleet reduction, decreased value of landed catch - employment reduction • Aquaculture: Increased volume, value + employment • Processing industry: Employment reduction in some countries, increased landings from non-EU countries (globalisation) • Fisheries sector in Norway and Iceland • Capture fisheries sub-sector; Resource situation relatively good - reduced employment (technological changes) • Aquaculture: Increased volume, value + employment • Processing industry: More difficult - factory trawlers, globalisation effects • Integrated Coastal Zone Management • Spatial planning systems must cover both the terrestrial part and the marine part of the coastal zone (land and water) • ICZM demands both horizontal and vertical co-ordination • Example studies for analysing impacts within the fishery sector • Mapping on ESPON-space – country level • National implementation for selected countries – NUTS 3 • Example studies on lower geographical level for tracing possible territorial impacts of the fisheries policy

3. SWOT analysis of the capture fisheries sub-sector in EU15

4. SWOT analysis of the aquaculture sub-sector in EU15

5. Aquaculture productions total (in live weight) 1990, 1996 and 2002

6. SWOT analysis of the processing sub-sector in EU15

7. Integrated Coastal Zone management • ICZM - coordinate different and competing interests in the coastal zone, a holistic and long run perspective, • ICZM - a new style of governance - partnership involve all relevant stakeholder interest, integrated solutions - the local and regional level. • Integration of ICZM and the EU Marine strategy policy • The EU Demonstration programmes (1996-1999): The spatial planning system alone has some limitations to secure the idea of ICZM: • cover both the terrestrial part and the marine part of the coastal zone • too narrow focus on development control rather than a broader ICZM focus - necessary to combine economic instruments to the planning system. • The Interreg IIC project Norcoast (1998-2000): Combine the best elements of the statutory spatial planning system with the best elements of the voluntary partnership approach in order to achieve integrated solutions: • an open and inclusive decision process does not alone increase the integration capacity of the regional planning • integration at regional level is only possible if the higher levels of administration provide an integrated legal and institutional context.

8. Project focus – ESPON Space • Mapping covering ESPON Space - 29 countries (EU25+2+2) • Focus on coastal regions and fisheries dependent areas • Statistical analyses on NUTS 3 level (difficult to trace impacts, lack of data) • Using example studies on lower geographical levels - possible to trace impacts

9. Example studies – findings related to economic and social cohesion in fisheries dependent areas • Demography: Depopulation- declining population and unbalanced age-structure (ageing) • Employment: Decrease in employment in the fisheries sector, particularly in capture and processing industry, tendencies to concentration and urbanisation • Income: Reduction in relation to national average • Regional development: Remote areas, problems with accessibility • NB: Difficult to isolate the impacts of fisheries policy on employment, demography etc. Changes may be part of more general trends in remote/peripheral areas

10. Share of employees in Norwegian fisheries. NUTS3. 2005

11. Share of employees in fisheries at two geographical levels -NUTS 3 and LAU 2. 2005

12. Share of employees in fisheries at two geographical levels -NUTS 3 and LAU 2. 2005

13. Share of employees in aquaculture. NUTS3. 2005

14. Share of employees in aquaculture at two geographical levels – NUTS 3 and LAU 2. 2005

15. Draft policy recommendations • General policy recommendations • Counteract impacts of CFP which contradict aims of cohesion, territorially balanced development and polycentrism – different impacts in different regions • The development in urban-rural relations in the fisheries should be governed by thoughts about polycentric development • Policy recommendations related to environmental impacts and ICZM • Better integration of the terrestrial and marine environment in coastal planning and other ICZM activities • Combine the statutory spatial planning system and the voluntary partnership approach to achieve integrated solutions, and flexible planning approaches. • Need for a regional approach across the municipalities and other administrative borders regarding the development of the industry • Policy recommendations related to social cohesion • Better co-coordination of the implementation of economic measures in CFP (the FIFG) and the fish resource regulation policy • The interplay between fisheries policies implemented on national and European level should be better integrated • European sector policies of the fisheries should be adjusted in accordance with the European territorial policies on reduction of social cohesion differences on the European territory

16. Further research • Research gaps: • Lack of data on relevant geographical level • Difficult to obtain data • Data for primary industries not separated for fisheries and agriculture • Further research (ESPON II) • Common data collection from Eurostat for ESPON-space • Utilise better the potential of national data for lower geographical level when such data are available, focus on the micro level