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1. ERT 445 – FINAL YEAR PROJECT BRIEFING 4:CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY Munira Bt Mohamed Nazari School of Bioprocess Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Free Powerpoint Templates

2. CO 3 Ability to formulate research methodology incorporating clear fundamentals, theories and benchmarked against standard practices governing the research project.

3. INTRODUCTION • Now you are actually talking about what you are proposing. Again, be sure that this follows naturally from the Introduction in which you should have set up and highlighted some critical issue that needs to be resolved. What you should do now is to tell the reader how you would resolve this issue.

4. PURPOSE • This section will provides a written description of the specific actions, plan, or strategy you will take to answer your research questions.

5. CONTENTS • This section should describe the proposed method for the experiment, including • Design, • Equipment will be used, and • Procedure that will be followed. • should specify the variables (independent and dependent) that will be used in the experiment.

6. DESIGN • In this subsection of the method section, entitled “Design”, you present your plan or strategy to be used to investigate your research questions. • You must include a separate design section if your design is complicated; otherwise you can put in your procedure section.

7. DESIGN • The following is included in the design section: • Type of design and design layout of your study (e.g., you might use a pretest-posttest control-group design). • Description of all the variables being examined in your study. • Description of how your variables are to be combined. • Description of the points of measurement and manipulation in the design.

8. APPARATUS AND/OR INSTRUMENTS • In this subsection of the method section you describe any apparatus and or instruments you propose to use in your research study. • The following information should be included: • General description of the apparatus or instruments. • Variables measured by instruments. • Reliability and validity of instruments. • Why the instruments or apparatus are used. • Reference indicating where apparatus or instruments can be obtained.

9. PROCEDURE • In this subsection of the method section of your proposal, you carefully describe how your study will be executed. • The following information should be included in the procedure section: • A description of the design if it was not previously described. • A detailed step-by-step description of how the study will be executed.

10. PROCEDURE • The reader should know exactly what you intend to do after reading this description. It should include enough information to tell the reader how to do the study if he or she wanted to replicate it.

11. RUBRIC

12. EXAMPLE OF FLOW CHART(Procedure)

13. 2 Sampling Bacteria Source 1 Pre - Treatment Testing Using RCM Medium in Serum Bottle Evaluation H2 Potential No Yes Active Inoculum Dark Fermentation Stock Culture • Optimization Studies • Inoculum Development • pH • Characterization of Agriculture Waste • Kinetic Study

14. Any questions?

15. REMINDER DATE OF SUBMISSION 1/11/13 3 pm

16. THANK YOU