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Implementation of the Bologna Process in the EU

Implementation of the Bologna Process in the EU. Prof. dr. ir. Roland VERHÉ Ghent University Faculty of Bioscience Engineering. Policy of European Union. European Integration Successful: Internal market Internal labour market Introduction Euro Unsuccessful: Educational Policy

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Implementation of the Bologna Process in the EU

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  1. Implementation of theBologna Process in the EU Prof. dr. ir. Roland VERHÉ Ghent University Faculty of Bioscience Engineering

  2. Policy of European Union European Integration Successful: • Internal market • Internal labour market • Introduction Euro Unsuccessful: Educational Policy Only: “European Dimension: Mobility Programmes

  3. Educational systems in Europe • No European Policy and Competences • Education: most conservative of all societal policy areas • Organisation of higher education: national • National diploma systems • Education is linked to political sentiments: national culture, language, social emancipation

  4. History of the Bologna Process • 1998: Sorbonne Declaration:French initiative ambitious reform policy: shortening study carreers • 1999: Bologna Declaration:nearly all European countriesImportant: • not a EU-driven bureaucratic harmonisatoin policy • common political statement with support of the education world • 2001: Salamanca Convention: Rectors and students • 2001: Prague: ministers conference • 2003: Berlin

  5. Bologna Declaration Answer to following issues: • no European integration and harmonisation • lack of transparancy, comparability and compatibility • readability of degrees and diploma’s • employability • loss of attractivity • deregulate education system: new providers, private institutions, virtual univ. • eliminate barriers for mobility • quality assurance and accreditation • credit system • lifelong leraning

  6. Bologna Process The Bologna Process is not a EU-driven bureaucratic harmonisaton policy (not accepted by European States), but a common political statement based on large support within the higher education field.

  7. Bologna Process:9 Action lines10 Concrete measures Action line 1: Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees1 Introduction of Diploma Supplement Action line 3: Establishment of a system of credits2 ECTS + European Credit Accumulation System for lifelong learning Action line 4: Promotion of mobility3 Socrates-Erasmus Student charter4 European Virtual Universities

  8. Action line 5: Promotion of European cooperation in quality assurance5 Quality Culture: internal + external6 Pilot Scheme on European Higher Education Quality Evaluation Action line 6: Promotion of the European dimension7 European Masters and Doctoral courses Action line 9: Promoting the attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area8 Data-base on job and learning opportunities9 Synergie Education-Research10 Monitoring/Reports/Seminars

  9. Bachelor – Master - Doctorate General scheme: • Bachelor degree: minimum three years of study or 180 ECTS • scientific degree • professional-vocational degree • Master degree: minimum one year of study or 60 ECTS after Bachelor degree • scientific degree: • minimum 1 year: professional • 1-2 years: research • professional: after professional bachelor • Doctor: minimum 3 years after scientific master degree

  10. ECTS: European Credit Transfer System Condition for: • Equivalency of study programmes • Transparency of study programmes • Promotion of mobility • Recognition of studies and diplomas • Quality of study programmes

  11. ECTS: Composition • ECTS credits: numerial value allocated to course units to describe the student work required for completion and assessment • Information package: organisation and structure of studies Each module: • Aim/ objective • Contents • Workload • Number of credits • Examination • References • Transcript of records: diploma supplement

  12. ECTS Credits Numeral value (between 1-60) allocated to course units in order to describe the student work load: • Contact hours: • Lectures • Practicals • Seminars • Tutorials • Excursions • Personal study: library, private study • Project • Assessment and examinations ECTS reflects the quantity of work: each course unit requires in relation to the total quantity of work necessary to complete a full year of academic study

  13. ECTS Credits: Relative measures: how much of a year’s work load a course unit is representing 1 year study: 60 credits 1 semester: 30 credits Work load Europe: • 1500-1800 hrs study load hours (study time) to complete a full academic year • Contact hours: 600-800/year 60 credits = 600-800 contact hours = 1500-1800 study load hours 1 credit = 10-13 contact hours = 25-30 study load hours

  14. Credit allocation • Theory: 10 hrs = 1 credit point • Practical: 30 hrs = 1 credit point • Personal work for course of 30 hours = 1-2 points Example Food Chemistry Contact hours: • theory: 30 hours • Practical: 30 hours Study load hours: • Theory: 90 hrs • Practical: 30 hrs ----------- 120 hrs Credits: • Theory: 3 • Practical: 1 • Persolan work: 1 ------ 5

  15. Food Engineering Contact hours: • Theory: 30 hrs • Practical: 30 hrs Study load hours: • Theory: 120 hrs • Practical: 60 hrs ---------- 180 hrs Credits: • Theory: 3 • Practical: 1 • Personal work: 2 ---- 6

  16. Higher Education in EU Institutions of Higher Education 1. Non-academic technical colleges/schools:2-3 years education: professional/vacational levelDiploma: • vacational/technical bachelor: 3 years/180 ECTS • ready for labour market • no continuation of studies

  17. Higher Education in EU Institutions of Higher Education 2. Academic Universities of Applied Sciences4 years educationProfessional education/applicationsUnivesity level Diploma: Bachelor in applied sciences in most EU Exeption: Belgium: Master in Applied Sciences Remarks • These institutions are able to organise Master of Science courses in collaboration with universities • Graduates are able to continue to Master of Science in universities

  18. Higher Education in EU Institutions of Higher Education 3. Universities / Grandes Ecoles4-5 years educationacademic levelconceptional/research level Diploma: • Bachelor of Science: 3 years, 180 ECTS • Master of Science: 1-2 years, 60-120 ECTS • Doctorate: minimum 3 years

  19. Organisation of Bachelor of Science Bologna Process: Aim: diploma ready for the labour market In practice: education in basic sciences especially in the first two years and with minor specialisation in 3rd year.95% of students are proceeding to MSc Programme: • Several BSc in various specialisations • One BSc • without specification • with minor orientation

  20. Organisation of Master of Science • Acceptance of students from various BSc-orientations and from other universities with or without prerequisites • High specialisation • Courses and project (MSc-thesis) • Direct available for professional career and/or research (doctorate)

  21. Case Studies Netherlands: University of Wageningen 16 BSc leading to 25 MSc Orientation from the 1st year 1 BSc → choice for 4-6 MSc Examples: BSc in Biology: → MSc: Biology Animal Sciences and Aquaculture Bioinformatics Earth Sciences Geo-information Sciences Plant Biotechnology Plant Sciences BSc in Biotechnology → MSc: Biotechnology Bioinformatics Management of Agro-Ecological Knowledge and Social Changes Molecular Science Plant Biotechnology

  22. Case Studies (2) Netherlands: BSc Food Technology → MSc: Food Technology Management of Agro-ecological Knowledge & Social Change Food Safety Food Quality Management

  23. Case Studies (3) Belgium: 1 BSc: BSc in Bioscience Engineering → MSc: Agriculture Forestry Soil & Water Food Sciences Chemistry and Bioengineering Cel and Gen Technology Environmental Sciences

  24. Case Studies (4) Denmark, Finland, Norway For each BSc there is a MSc. Switching between BSc and MSc is possible: prerequisites Example Copenhagen: BSc/MSc Agricultural Science Horticulture Agricultural Economics Landscape Architecture Forestry Food Science and Technology MSc: Environmental Chemistry Human Nutrition Landscape Managment Environmental and Natural Resources Economics Biological Chemistry of Plants

  25. Case Studies (5) Austria : BOKU: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Mixture: Diploma Engineer / BSc/MSc BSc: Forestry Wood and Natural Product Technology Environment and Bioresource Management Culture engineering and Water Sciences Food technology and Biotechnology MSc: Forestry Wood Technology and Management Management of natural resources Applied life sciences Culture engineering and Water Sciences Water Sciences and Environment Land Management and Infrastructure Food Sciences and Technology Biotechnology

  26. Cast Studies (6) Germany • Choise Diploma Engineer/Master • Different situation in the various regions • Various BSc leading to various MSc Italy BSc: 3 years Intermediate MSc: + 1 year (specialisation) Master of Science : + 2 years Sweden No intermediate BSc: degree: directly to Master of Science: 4-5 years

  27. Cast Studies (7) France 1) Professional BSc DUT: Diplome University Technology 2 – 3 years BSC 2) University: no degrees in Agricultural Sciences BSc: 3 years MSc: 2 years PhD: 3 years

  28. Cast Studies (7 bis) 3) Grandes Ecoles:  AgricultureNo free entry in Specialised Schools: → entry exam + fixed number of students 2 systems • 5 years in the same school • 2 years in preparatory school  examination + selection • 3 years: 1,5 years common 0,5 years : elective 1 year: selection of one MSc No formal BSc MSc: Master professional Master research

  29. Cast Studies (8) Spain / Portugal / Greece BSc / MSc: in preparation Spain / Greece Engineer degree: 5 years Portugal Licenciate/Engineer: 4-5 years Master: + 2 years

  30. Implemantation of BA/MS • Law: general framework of organisation • Study programme: working group of teachers for each BSc-MSc ↓ • Acceptance by Faculty Board↓ • Acceptance by University Board In most EU the number of BSc and MSc will be regulated by national and/or regional law, not the content and organisatoin.

  31. Tendencies BA/MA • Mobility: BSc → MSc between universities internationalisation • Creation of Joint European Masters: Erasmus Mundus Joint diploma’s or double diploma’s • Creation of centres of excellence in specific topics. More specialisation in Masters. Not all specialisation in one institute. • MSc-degree: use of English language • International mobility of students and staff • Name “Agriculture” changed in “Biosciences” ~ “Life Science”

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