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Trade Terms

Trade Terms. Broadcast/Video Production 1 Unit 3. Language of an Industry. Trade Terms are the language of the Mass Media (Print, Radio, TV, Film, Internet). An understanding of the technical language, lingo or jargon of the industry is critical for a successful career.

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Trade Terms

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  1. Trade Terms Broadcast/Video Production 1 Unit 3

  2. Language of an Industry • Trade Terms are the language of the Mass Media (Print, Radio, TV, Film, Internet). • An understanding of the technical language, lingo or jargon of the industry is critical for a successful career. • Although terms are fairly universal, meanings can vary between mediums, like different dialects of the same language can vary between regions of the same country. • Example: An Editor in the TV or film industry is different than an Editor in the print industry.

  3. Common Terms: TV and Film • This unit focuses on terms used in the television and motion picture industries. • These include: • Names of crew positions • Names of equipment found on set or in studio • Parts of a camera • Units of measurements • Common phrases used in each industry • Abbreviations and acronyms

  4. Crew Positions • Production Personnel can be broken into two categories: • Above the Line • Highest paid members of the production staff (actors, writers, producers, directors and editors) • Below the Line • More hands on members of the production staff (Gaffers, Stagehands, Camera Operators, production assistants and script supervisors)

  5. Above the line • Executive Producer (TV/Film)- In charge of multiple productions or series of productions. Determines the budget of production. • Producer (TV/Film)- In charge of an individual production. Is responsible for all personnel working on the production and coordinating the nontechnical and technical elements of production. Often doubles as writer and director. • Director (TV/Film)- In charge of directing talent and technical operations. Is responsible for transforming the script into effective video and audio messages. Can also double as producer in smaller productions. • Writer (TV/Film)-Writes the script

  6. Above the Line • Actor (TV/Film)- Portrays a character in a production • Talent (TV)- Portrays oneself on air. (i.e. newscasters, talk show hosts) • Performer (TV)- Appears as oneself on air to perform (i.e. musicians, stand-up comedians) • Announcers (TV/Film)- Narrates the production

  7. Below the line • Technical Director (TV/Film)- TD for short. In charge of all the technical setups and operations during the production. Operates the video switcher in studio and select field productions • Director of Photography (Film)- DP for short.Takes care of the lighting and camera operation.

  8. Below the line • Lighting Director (TV/Film)- In charge of studio and film lighting as well as lighting for concerts. • Camera Operators (TV/Film)- Also called videographers or shooters. Operate studio and field cameras

  9. Equipment • Video Camera- aka Camcorder, used to record or capture moving images on to a tape or video disk. • Tripod- aka Sticks, a three legged stand the camera is placed on for a steady picture • Baby Legs-(noun) a short tripod • Dolly- (noun) wheeled cart a camera and tripod are placed on. (verb) the act of using a cart to follow action.

  10. Equipment • Snake-(noun) A multi-channel audio cable used to transfer signals from several inputs and outputs • Mic-(slang) short for microphone, a device used for capturing sound • Slate- aka Clacker or Clapper used at the beginning of a shot to sync up picture and sound in post production

  11. Equipment • Mixer-(noun) a device used for changing the volume and sound of multiple inputs and outputs • Switcher-(noun) a device that switches multiple production sources—studio cameras, videotape recorders (VTR), graphics (GFX) during live or taped broadcasts. Can also be used as another name for a TD. • Dimmer- (noun) a device that changes the intensity of a light or several lights at once.

  12. Equipment • Bus- a row of buttons on a switcher • Monitor- a closed circuit television screen • Leko- aka ERS, Source 4, a lighting instrument that produces hard shadows • Fresnel- a lighting instrument that produces soft even shadows

  13. Parts of a Camera • Lens- the eye of the camera, captures images as light pass is through it. • Charge Coupled Device (CCD)- the brain of the camera, a semiconductor device that converts light patterns into digital signals as it passes through the lens • Viewfinder- a device on the camera that shows a visual representation of what the lens sees.

  14. Parts of a Camera • Zoom Control- a mechanical device used to change the size of a subject. • Focus Control- a mechanical device used to change the clarity of a subject. • Aperture- An adjustable opening inside the lens that regulates the amount of light reaching the CCD. Also known as an iris. • Focal Length-The amount of space within lens view which will maintain acceptable focus at given settings. • Depth of field-Area in front and behind the subject that is in acceptable focus.

  15. Units of Measurement • F-Stop-The scale used to measure the size of the opening of the iris (the opening that lets light in) on a lens. Common F-Stops are 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, and 22. The smaller the number the larger amount of light is let in. • Kelvin Scale- Measures the color temperature of various lighting conditions.

  16. Phrases • “Green light”- meaning the command to go ahead with a production • “It’s got legs”- term for a production that appears to successful. • “In the Can”- term for a finished production. • “Cut!”- said by the director, meaning stop recording

  17. Phrases • “Marker”-command to slate a shot • “New Deal”- command to move on to a new setup • “Roll”- in film the command to start recording. In TV it is the command play a tape before taking it live. • “Take”- means to cut from one source to another.

  18. Phrases • “Ready”- means to prepare a source to be aired • “Fade”- means to dissolve from one source to another • “Martini Shot”- the last shot of a production of the day

  19. Abbreviations and Acronyms • Abbreviations and Acronyms are used in technical language to say a lot by saying just a few letters. It is easier and quicker to say ADR than it is to Additional Dialogue Replacement. Here is a list of commonly used abbreviations and acronyms: • AC-Alternating Current • DC-Direct Current • DGA-Director’s Guild of America • VO-Voice Over • VO/SOT-Voice Over with Sound On Tape

  20. Abbreviations and Acronyms • SOT-Sound On Tape • OTS-Over the Shoulder • GFX-Graphics • ADR-Additional Dialogue Replacement • EDL-Edit Decision List • EQ- Equalization • SFX-Sound Effects

  21. Abbreviations and Acronyms • INT-Interior • EXT-Exterior • WGA-Writers Guild of America • ENG- Electronic News Gathering • EFP- Electronic Field Production

  22. Web Resources • http://www.filmland.com/glossary/Dictionary.html • http://www.cybercollege.com/tvp_ind.htm • http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/gingame/glossary.html • http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=slanguage

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