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Trade Terms

Trade Terms. Broadcast/Video Production 1 Unit 3. Language of an Industry. An understanding of the technical language, lingo or jargon of the industry is critical for a successful career.

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Trade Terms

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  1. Trade Terms Broadcast/Video Production 1 Unit 3

  2. Language of an Industry • An understanding of the technical language, lingo or jargon of the industry is critical for a successful career. • Although terms are fairly universal, meanings can vary between mediums, like different dialects of the same language can vary between regions of the same country. • Example: An Editor in the TV or film industry is different than an Editor in the print industry.

  3. Common Terms: TV and Film • This unit focuses on terms used in the television and motion picture industries. • These include: • Names of crew positions • Names of equipment found on set or in studio • Parts of a camera • Units of measurements • Common phrases used in each industry • Abbreviations and acronyms

  4. Crew Positions • Production Personnel can be broken into two categories: • Above the Line • Highest paid members of the production staff (actors, writers, producers, directors and editors) • Below the Line • More hands on members of the production staff (Gaffers, Stagehands, Camera Operators, production assistants and script supervisors)

  5. Above the line • Executive Producer (TV/Film)- In charge of multiple productions or series of productions. Determines the budget of production. • Producer (TV/Film)- In charge of an individual production. Is responsible for all personnel working on the production and coordinating the nontechnical and technical elements of production. Often doubles as writer and director. • Director (TV/Film)- In charge of directing talent and technical operations. Is responsible for transforming the script into effective video and audio messages. Can also double as producer in smaller productions. • Writer (TV/Film)-Writes the script

  6. Above the Line • Actor (TV/Film)- Portrays a character in a production • Talent (TV)- Portrays oneself on air. (i.e. newscasters, talk show hosts) • Performer (TV)- Appears as oneself on air to perform (i.e. musicians, stand-up comedians) • Announcers (TV/Film)- Narrates the production

  7. Below the line • Technical Director (TV/Film)- TD for short. In charge of all the technical setups and operations during the production. Operates the video switcher in studio and select field productions • Director of Photography (Film)- DP for short.Takes care of the lighting and camera operation.

  8. Below the line • Lighting Director (TV/Film)- In charge of studio and film lighting as well as lighting for concerts. • Camera Operators (TV/Film)- Also called videographers or shooters. Operate studio and field cameras

  9. Equipment • Video Camera- aka Camcorder, used to record or capture moving images on to a tape or video disk. • Tripod- aka Sticks, a three legged stand the camera is placed on for a steady picture • Baby Legs-(noun) a short tripod • Dolly- (noun) wheeled cart a camera and tripod are placed on. (verb) the act of using a cart to follow action.

  10. Equipment • Snake-(noun) A multi-channel audio cable used to transfer signals from several inputs and outputs • Mic-(slang) short for microphone, a device used for capturing sound • Slate- aka Clacker or Clapper used at the beginning of a shot to sync up picture and sound in post production

  11. Equipment • Mixer-(noun) a device used for changing the volume and sound of multiple inputs and outputs • Switcher-(noun) a device that switches multiple production sources—studio cameras, videotape recorders (VTR), graphics (GFX) during live or taped broadcasts. Can also be used as another name for a TD. • Dimmer- (noun) a device that changes the intensity of a light or several lights at once.

  12. Equipment • Bus- a row of buttons on a switcher • Monitor- a closed circuit television screen • Leko- aka ERS, Source 4, a lighting instrument that produces hard shadows • Fresnel- a lighting instrument that produces soft even shadows

  13. Parts of a Camera • Lens- the eye of the camera, captures images as light pass is through it. • Charge Coupled Device (CCD)- the brain of the camera, a semiconductor device that converts light patterns into digital signals as it passes through the lens • Viewfinder- a device on the camera that shows a visual representation of what the lens sees.

  14. Parts of a Camera • Zoom Control- a mechanical device used to change the size of a subject. • Focus Control- a mechanical device used to change the clarity of a subject. • Aperture- An adjustable opening inside the lens that regulates the amount of light reaching the CCD. Also known as an iris. • Focal Length-The amount of space within lens view which will maintain acceptable focus at given settings. • Depth of field-Area in front and behind the subject that is in acceptable focus.

  15. Units of Measurement • F-Stop-The scale used to measure the size of the opening of the iris (the opening that lets light in) on a lens. Common F-Stops are 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, and 22. The smaller the number the larger amount of light is let in. • Kelvin Scale- Measures the color temperature of various lighting conditions.

  16. Phrases • “Green light”- meaning the command to go ahead with a production • “It’s got legs”- term for a production that appears to successful. • “In the Can”- term for a finished production. • “Cut!”- said by the director, meaning stop recording

  17. Phrases • “Marker”-command to slate a shot • “New Deal”- command to move on to a new setup • “Roll”- in film the command to start recording. In TV it is the command play a tape before taking it live. • “Take”- means to cut from one source to another.

  18. Phrases • “Ready”- means to prepare a source to be aired • “Fade”- means to dissolve from one source to another • “Martini Shot”- the last shot of a production of the day

  19. Abbreviations and Acronyms • Abbreviations and Acronyms are used in technical language to say a lot by saying just a few letters. It is easier and quicker to say ADR than it is to Additional Dialogue Replacement. Here is a list of commonly used abbreviations and acronyms: • AC-Alternating Current • DC-Direct Current • DGA-Director’s Guild of America • VO-Voice Over • VO/SOT-Voice Over with Sound On Tape

  20. Abbreviations and Acronyms • SOT-Sound On Tape • OTS-Over the Shoulder • GFX-Graphics • ADR-Additional Dialogue Replacement • EDL-Edit Decision List • EQ- Equalization • SFX-Sound Effects

  21. Abbreviations and Acronyms • INT-Interior • EXT-Exterior • WGA-Writers Guild of America • ENG- Electronic News Gathering • EFP- Electronic Field Production

  22. Web Resources • http://www.filmland.com/glossary/Dictionary.html • http://www.cybercollege.com/tvp_ind.htm • http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/gingame/glossary.html • http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=slanguage

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