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Boko Haram. Leadership and Leadership Structure. Muhammad Yusuf. Founder and spiritual leader Hierarchical leadership structure Commander-in-chief Two deputy commanders Abubakar Shekau Mamman Nur * Regional commanders (state & local)
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Boko Haram Leadership and Leadership Structure
Muhammad Yusuf • Founder and spiritual leader • Hierarchical leadership structure • Commander-in-chief • Two deputy commanders • Abubakar Shekau • Mamman Nur* • Regional commanders (state & local) • Remaining followers organized according to various roles • Killed by police June 30, 2009
Abubakar Shekau • Yusuf’s former second in command • Network structure: cell-type organization with decentralized leadership • Commander-in-chief • Shura Council ~30 members • Each member controls a cell • Cells assigned geographic location or perform specific task
Fragmented Leadership • Shekau does not exercise universal command and control over many elements • Conflict/disagreement among leaders since Yusuf’s death • Factions and splinter groups • Unclear if, how, and to what extent various factions interact and coordinate • Result: Disjointed command structure without unified purpose • Leaders contradict/misrepresent each other • Public condemnations of other factions • Negotiations & other CT efforts ineffective
Shekau: Dead or Alive? • Claimed dead four separate times since 2009 • Most recent: August 20, 2013 • Videos of Shekau authenticity debated • Implications