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Veterinary dental nursing procedures

Veterinary dental nursing procedures. TYPES OF DENTITION. Function of teeth. Defence Acquiring food Picking up Catching Killing Holding food Breaking down food Cutting (shearing) Crushing (grinding). Evolution of teeth. From skin From fish scales?

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Veterinary dental nursing procedures

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  1. Veterinary dental nursing procedures TYPES OF DENTITION

  2. 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  3. Function of teeth • Defence • Acquiring food • Picking up • Catching • Killing • Holding food • Breaking down food • Cutting (shearing) • Crushing (grinding) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  4. Evolution of teeth • From skin • From fish scales? • All vertebrates have evolved from toothed ancestors (except Agnatha) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  5. Shark teeth – new rows 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  6. In the mammalian embryo • Bud forms in oral mucosa • First completely buried then resurfaces 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  7. Evolutionary classifications • tooth location • anchorage • number • form • number of replacement sets • cycles of replacement 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  8. Tooth location • Fish • on most jaw/palate bones • Mammals • Premaxilla-Maxilla • Mandible 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  9. Tooth location • Side of jaw (pleurodont) • eg sharks • Crest of jaw (aerodont) • Tooth socket (thecodont) • attached in a socket with a projecting crown 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  10. Number of teeth • Many (polyodont) – primitive vertebrates • Several (oligodont) – trends towards this. Toothless vertebrates became toothless by either loss in number of teeth or by progressive reduction in the size of each tooth. For example, groups such as birds, turtles, and some anurans result from reduction in tooth size as evidenced by presence of teeth in the embryos of these groups. • None (aphyodonty) – no teeth erupt, e.g. armadillos and anteaters. 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  11. Tooth Variation • Single shape (homodonty) • The primitive condition ,with teeth of a uniform, conical appearance • Most non-mammalian vertebrates (Crocodilians have some variation) • 2 or More shapes (heterodonty) • The teeth may be modified for crushing (bunodont), grinding (selenodont, lophodont ), slashing (canine), shearing (secodont), poison conducting. Mammals 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  12. No. of Sets of Teeth per Lifetime • Many • primitive vertebrates were characterised with continual replacement of teeth eg sharks (polyphyodont) • Several • several sets of temporary teeth before a final set of permanent teeth eg crocodiles (oligophyodont) • Two • eg cat /dogs/humans (In all mammals molars are by definition permanent teeth. Premolars may be deciduous) (biphyodont) • One • eg moles (monophyodont) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  13. How to make a tooth last • For carnivores – short crown • brachydont shape • For herbivores – long crown • hypsodont shape • Either • Continual growth, or • Slow growth & slow eruption (horse) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  14. Closed & Open Roots Closed Open 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  15. Open & Closed Roots • Open root = continued growth • Enamel extends all way into socket (elodont) • Closed root = ceased growth • Enamel extends only over crown • Closed slowly with continued eruption throughout life • Long crown but shortens as tooth worn down and erupts 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  16. Closed Roots (e.g. cat, dog, man) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  17. Open Roots (rabbit) 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  18. Replacement patterns • Vertical • e.g. horse • Horizontal • e.g. elephant 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  19. Elephant • Horizontal replacement 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  20. Horse • Vertical replacement 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  21. Snakes 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  22. Snakes 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  23. Snakes 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  24. Upper Pads • Sheep & Cattle 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

  25. The End 5888H - Veterinary Dental Nursing

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