Teacher Silvino Sieben 3rd year HS

1. Teacher Silvino Sieben3rd year HS INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

2. Verbs followed by the full infinitive: • agree • Arrange • Be able • Choose • Decide • Expect • Hope • Manage • Offer • Prepare • Promise • Refuse • Seem • Want Ex: He decided to spend his time in prison usefully. Verbs followed by an object+the full infinitive: • Advice • Allow • Ask • Cause • Convince • Enable • Encourage • Expect • Invite • Like • Persuade • Remind • Teach • Tell • Want • Warn Ex: Owen persuaded me to go to the police.

3. Verbs followed by either the bare infinitive or the full infinitive (with or without an object): • Dare • Help I didn’t dare (to) tell them my mistake. I helped Steve (to) fix his motorbike. Verbs followed by an object + bare infinitive: • Let • Make Joe let me use his laptop. The traffic warden made us move the car. Verbs followed by the –ing form: • Admit • Avoid • Consider • Deny • Enjoy • Keep • Mind • Miss • Recommend • Risk • Suggest He denied taking the money.

4. Verbs followed by an object + the –ing form or the bare infinitive with a small change of meaning: See: We saw our team playing football. (see something which continues for some time) We saw our team play a game against the other team. (see a complete action) Hear: We heard the dog barking for hours during the night. (hear something which continues for some time) We heard the dog bark once and then silence fell. (hear a sound which begins and then stops)

5. Verbs followed by the –ing form or the full infinitive with a change in meaning: Forget: I forgot to switch the oven off! (not do something you were supposed to do) I’ll never forget meeting Britney Spears! (not have a memory of) Need: We’ll need to leave early tomorrow to avoid the traffic. (have to do something) The car needs fixing. (passive meaning; we can also say: The car needs to be fixed.) Go on: Maggie started off as a lab assistant, but she went on to become a very successful scientist. (stop one thing and start another) We went on talking until three o’clock in the morning. (continue doing something)

6. Regret: I regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful. (be sorry-formal) David regrets buying an expensive car. (wish you hadn’t done something) Remember: Remember to unplug the computer before you go on holiday. (to do something you are supposed to do) Do you remember seeing this film at the cinema? (have a memory of) Stop: We stopped to have a drink because we were thirsty. (stop one thing in order to do something else) Stop talking and finish your homework! (not do something any longer) Try: I tried to fix the tap, but it hasn’t stopped dripping. (make an effort to do something) Why don’t you try drinking less coffee if you want to be healthier? (do something in order to solve a problem)

7. We use only Gerund When actions are in the position of subject. Ex: Swimming is good for you. She believes that breathing calmly helps you relax. With actions after prepositions. Ex: She’s good at playing sports.

8. We use only infinitive • When we’re talking about a purpose. • Ex: He closed the door to avoid the wind. • With certain nouns (I27 p. 7) • Ex: I never had the chanceto explain that. • With certain adjectives (I27 p. 7) • Ex: She’s determinedto finish the homework today.

9. We use only infinitive • After “too + adjective/adverb” • Ex: He’s tooweakto help you. • After “adjective/adverb + enough” • Ex: Jeremy isn’t strongenoughto help me.