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SSS Science Team Meeting

SSS Science Team Meeting. 1300 - 1500 Friday, 28 March 2014 NCWCP Room 2554-2555 Dial-in 877-917-5782; passcode 52056 Eric Bayler. Agenda. Introduction / SSS Notes – Eric Bayler Aquarius Update – Tony Lee SSS Data and Products Near-real-time SSS data NODC Update – Yongsheng Zhang

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SSS Science Team Meeting

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  1. SSS Science Team Meeting 1300 - 1500 Friday, 28 March 2014 NCWCP Room 2554-2555 Dial-in 877-917-5782; passcode 52056 Eric Bayler NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  2. Agenda • Introduction / SSS Notes – Eric Bayler • Aquarius Update – Tony Lee • SSS Data and Products • Near-real-time SSS data • NODC Update – Yongsheng Zhang • SSS QA • Initial Aquarius–SMOS intercomparison – Li Ren • EMC Update • S4 HYCOM SSS investigation • MOM4 SSS data assimilation (Aquarius vs SMOS) results • Open Discussion • Adjourn NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  3. SSS Notes • JGR Salinity Special Section: • “Early scientific results from the salinity measuring satellites Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS” • Call for Papers submission window EXTENDED to : 30 April 2014 • Pending submissions (in draft): • “An In Situ – Satellite Blended Analysis of Global Sea-Surface Salinity”; NWS/CPC, NESDIS/NODC, NESDIS/STAR • “Intercomparison of Global Satellite Sea-surface Salinity (SSS) Observations with Reference to Argo Near-surface Salinity”; NESDIS/STAR • AGU 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting (23-28 Feb 2014, Honolulu, HI) • Session: Ocean salinity and water cycle variability and change • Oral – Bayler, Nadiga, Behringer, Mehra, “ Sensitivity and verification study of the assimilation of satellite sea-surface salinity fields in an NCEP operational ocean forecast system.” • Sidebar: • Satellite and In situ Salinity (SISS) Working Group: Understanding Stratification and Sub-Footprint Processes • Upcoming SSS-related Meetings: • SMOS-MODE: Working Groups + Management Committee (12-13 Jun 2014, Naples, Italy) • Aquarius/SAC-D Ocean Salinity Science Team Meeting (11-14 Nov 2014, Seattle, WA) • ESA Ocean Salinity Science and Salinity Remote Sensing Workshop (26-28 Nov 2014, Exeter, UK) • AGU Fall Meeting:Special session on scientific accomplishments from the Aquarius 3-year prime mission • Proposals: • NASA Announcement of Opportunity for SPURS -2 ocean salinity field campaign • Low salinity / high precipitation regime in the Gulf of Panama in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean • LOI due 30 May 2014. Proposals due 30 July 2014 NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  4. Aquarius PI Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  5. Data Products Aquarius: Version 3.0 official release target: Friday, 4 April Changes from V2.0: • Major change: empirical correction of ascending-descending bias related to galaxy reflection effect. • Change in radiometer Q/C flags and masks (in particular, Level-3 data near land are subject to more exclusion because of land contamination). • Updated Antenna Pattern Coefficients. • Improved surface roughness correction (e.g., addition of Aquarius derived wind speeds instead of NCEP wind speeds), esp. at high wind regions such as the Southern Ocean. • Improved “wriggles” correction for the radiometer calibration. • Scatterometer GMF has been updated. Version 4.0 Plan: Add MWR rain correction, improve RFI detection, improve L-3 gridding algorithm, improve global reference for (global bias removal), , tackle latitude-dependence biases. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  6. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  7. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  8. Guan, B., T. Lee, D. Halkides, D. Waliser, 2014: Aquarius Surface Salinity and the Madden-Julian Oscillation: the Role of Salinity in Surface Layer Density and Potential Energy. Geophys. Res. Lett. Accepted.

  9. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  10. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  11. Recent and Upcoming events • Aquarius/SAC-D Mission Operation Review in CONAE, Cordoba, Argentina, March 12-13, 2014. • EGU: SPUR working Group and Satellite and In Situ Salinity Working Group (SISS) meeting, Vienna, Austria, Monday April 28, 2014, morning and evening, respectively, with Ocean Salinity session in between. • Aquarius cal/val workshop, Santa Rosa, CA, Apr. 12-14, 2014. • Aquarius/SAC-D/OSST meeting, Seattle, WA, Nov. 11-14, 2014. • A planned Fall AGU special session on the scientific accomplishments from Aquarius’ 3-year prime mission. • A possible special session on ocean salinity and water cycle (conveners: Paul Durack, Tom Farrar, Eric Lindstrom, Jacqueline Boutin). NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  12. SSS Data & Products NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  13. Observations • SSS data sets/streams • Level-2 • All SMOS and Aquarius data acquired • SMOS 2013 “catch-up” reprocessing released • Aquarius version 3.0 release expected 4 Apr 2014 • Pending acquisition of near-real-time Aquarius data from NASA/GSFC • Multiple user requirements for NASA GSFC for near-real-time “quick-look” data stream (available via ftp) • NODC – for NOAA SSS near-real-time products • EMC – for future data assimilation • CPC – for monthly production of Blended Analysis of Surface Salinity (BASS) developmental product • Strongly desire Aquarius “quick-look” Combined Active-Passive SSS data • Level-3 • All NASA Aquarius Level-3 (1°×1°) products acquired • V2; uses NOAA modeled wind values • Combined Active-Passive version 2.0 (CAPv2.0) ; uses onboard scatterometer (through 2013) • All SMOS-BEC Level-3 (1/4th -degree) products acquired • Reprocessed 2013 data released; will acquire shortly • NODC • Aquarius 1°×1° binned products produced for entire data record • V2.0 • CAPv2.0 • SMOS 1°×1° binned product produced for entire data record NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  14. SMOS 2013 Clean-up • At present, the spatial biases in the brightness temperatures (the SMOS level 1 data product) are mitigated in the operational processing for Level-2 sea-surface salinity (SSS) retrievals based on a monthly correction. • The Level-2 SSS reprocessed data set, provided in 2012, corrected the spatial biases with a higher frequency, improving the data quality. • To align the operational and reprocessed data sets, a so-called "catch-up" reprocessing has been introduced on an annual basis. • The SMOS Level 2 sea surface salinity 2013 "catch-up" reprocessing campaign has been completed and is now available: • 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013 • Reprocessed data set are: 20121231T232632 and 20140101T001203 • Alignsthe entire SSS data set generated in the operational chain since December 2012 to the same OTT correction approach that has been used for the first mission and 2012 "catch-up" reprocessing. • With the release of this data set the SMOS users now have a consistent set of Level 2 sea surface salinity products from the beginning of the SMOS mission till December 2013 (REPR data type). • Level 2OS read-me-first note to understand the known caveats in the data set • Reprocessed 2013 data requested from ESA NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  15. NODC: NOAA SSS products • Established NODC SMOS binned Level-3 data products in repository/server • Completed hosting of fully automated processing on STAR SSS repository/server • Established NODC Aquarius binned Level-3 data products in repository/server • Completed hosting of fully automated processing on STAR SSS repository/server • Generated software programs to produce NODC Combined Active-Passive algorithm (CAP)binned 7-day and monthly mean level-3 SSS data from Aquarius Level-2 products • Completed data validation • Completed hosting of fully automated processing on STAR SSS repository/server • Began producing experimental NODC-binned Level-3 data product from NASA/GSFC real-time (“quick-look”)Aquarius Level-2 SSS • Worked on publishing and archiving NODC-binned SMOS (3-day, monthly-mean) and Aquarius (7-day, monthly-mean) Level-3 SSS data at NODC NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  16. NODC SSS Products:NASA/GSFC “quick-look” Data NODC 1°x1° degree binned swath SSS from NASA/GSFC real-time Level-2 Aquarius data. Swath 00:44:00 UTC , 31 December 2013. NODC 1°x1° degree binned monthly-meanSSS from NASA/GSFC real-time Level-2 Aquarius data. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  17. NODC SSS Products:Combined Active-Passive (CAP) Salinity Difference (pss) Difference: Aquarius CAPv2.0 SSS 7-day mean, NODC-binned minus JPL Level-3 data (April 10-16, 2013) Difference: Aquarius CAPv2.0 SSS monthly mean, NODC-binned minus JPL Level-3 data (April, 2013) NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  18. Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Quality Monitoring(4SQM)Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  19. SSS Data Quality Assessment Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Quality Monitor (4SQM) • Initial website capability under development • Leveraging SQUAM/iQUAM • Data • Aquarius and SMOS Level-2 data • NASA, SMOS-BEC, NOAA Level-3, IFREMER products • Reference: • World Ocean Atlas (WOA) • Polar Hydrographic Center (PHC) • NOAA HYCOM (Real-Time Ocean Forecast System) • NOAA MOM4 (Global Ocean Data Assimilation System / Coupled Forecast System) • Analysis tools • Maps (data and differences) • Histograms • Hovmöller diagrams • Time series • Dependencies NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  20. Inter-comparison of Global Satellite Sea-surface Salinity (SSS) Observations with Reference to Argo Near-surface Salinity Li Ren Eric Bayler NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  21. Data Satellite (Level 3) Aquarius : V2.0; CAP V2.0 SMOS: BEC OI Product In-Situ Argo: International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Ancillary Data: SST: NOAA NCEP Reynolds SST Wind: ECMWF Precipitation: GPCP Time period: Sep 2011 to Oct 2013 Spatial Resolution: 1° by 1 ° NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  22. Satellite SSS Quality SMOS - Argo V2 - Argo CAP - Argo CAP -V2 V2 - SMOS CAP - SMOS Salinity RMS Difference (pss) SSS data: Sep 2011 – Oct 2013 NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  23. Zonal SSS Biases and Differences V2 - Argo CAP - Argo SMOS - Argo V2 - SMOS CAP - SMOS CAP -V2 Salinity RMS Difference (pss) SSS data: Sep 2011 – Oct 2013 NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  24. Zonal Mean of SSS Biases and Differences SSS data: Sep 2011 – Aug 2013 NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  25. Regional Comparison NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  26. InterTropicalConvergence Zone (ITCZ)8°N-11°N, 120°W-150°W NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  27. South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ)6°S-11°S, 150°E-180° NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  28. SPURS20°N-30°N, 42°W-33°W NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  29. North Pacific Ocean48°N-53°N, 150°E-140°W NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  30. South Indian Ocean50°S-60°S, 50°E-110°E NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  31. Summary • On a global scale, the regions of large RMSD are focused in the higher latitudes • North of approximately 40°N • South of approximately 40°S • Tropical heavy rainfall regions • Bias: • High latitudes • Strong seasonality • SMOS seasonal biases are quite different • Likely correlated with wind and/or SST • Mid-latitudes • Aquarius (V2.0 and CAP) biases are small, remaining positive • Seasonality nearly disappears • Tropics • Satellite data sets exhibit mildly negative bias, particularly in the heavy rainfall regions • Possibly caused by the differences between the skin and near-surface observations. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  32. Climatology • Initial global SSS baseline • NWS/CPC • Blended Analysis of Surface Salinity (BASS) • Monthly developmental production commences Mar 2014 • 2012 forward available • Requirement for NASA/GSFC Aquarius quick-look SSS data • Monthly product (binary format) at http://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/precip/BASS • Paper drafted for JGR-Oceans Salinity Remote Sensing Special Section • Xie, P., T. Boyer, E. Bayler, Y. Xue, D. Byrne, J. Reagan, R. Locarninii, F. Sun, R. Joyce, and A. Kumar, “An In Situ – Satellite Blended Analysis of Global Sea-Surface Salinity” NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  33. Blended Analysis of Surface Salinity (BASS) Anomaly Salinity anomaly (pss) Salinity error (pss) Sample monthly anomaly estimated error, October 2011 Monthly anomaly of global sea surface salinity (pss), Reference: NODC World Ocean Atlas 2009 NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  34. EMC Update NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  35. Modeling • Completed: • NWS/EMC operational GODAS/CFS (MOM4) • Seasonal-interannual modeling, 1°-resolution (1/3° in tropics) • Preliminary SMOS Level-3 SSS data characterization • SMOS-BEC 1/4th° SSS fields • NWS/EMC operational RTOFS (HYCOM) • Real-time modeling, 1/12° • Model ported to CIMSS S4; validation in progress • Pending – simulations using SMOS SSS relaxation (2010-2012) • Pending: • Evaluation of the impact of choices of data quality and scientific flags in SMOS and Aquarius level-2 data, optimizing for numerical modeling • Next: • Level-2 SSS data assimilation NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  36. SENSITIVITY AND VERIFICATION STUDY OF THE ASSIMILATION OF SATELLITE SEA SURFACE SALINITY FIELDS IN AN NCEP OPERATIONAL OCEAN FORECAST SYSTEM(AGU 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting) Eric Bayler, NESDIS/STAR Dave Behringer, NWS/NCEP/EMC AvichalMehra, NWS/NCEP/EMC SudhirNadiga, IMSG @ NWS/NCEP/EMC NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  37. Sea-Surface Salinity (SSS) Data Satellite: • ESA Soil Moisture – Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission • Barcelona Expert Centre (SMOS-BEC) Level-3 gridded SSS fields for 2012 – 2013 • Uses ECMWF modeled winds for the retrieval • 0.25-degree resolution • 3-day average (global coverage), updated every 3 days • Interpolated to model grid • NASA Aquarius mission (AQRS) • Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) • Version 2 (V2) Level-3 gridded SSS fields for 2012 – 2013 • Uses NOAA modeled winds for the retrieval • 1.0-degree resolution • 7-day average (global coverage), updated every 7 days • Interpolated to model grid In Situ: • World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 2009 climatology • NOAA’s National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) • 1.0-degree resolution • Interpolated to model grid • Argo profiling floats • Near-surface observations (~ 5m depth) • Monthly-mean SSS • 1.0-degree resolution • Interpolated to model grid NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  38. SSS Data: RMS difference of monthly means SMOS - AQRS AQRS - WOA SMOS - WOA Salinity RMS difference (psu) NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  39. Equatorial Pacific (2°S – 2°N) SSS: Mean WOA2009 Argo AQRS SMOS Salinity (psu) NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  40. Equatorial Pacific (2°S – 2°N) SSS Mean: Differences SMOS-WOA SMOS -AQRS AQRS -WOA Salinity Difference (psu) NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  41. Model • Modular Ocean Model v.4 (MOM4) • NOAA National Weather Service / Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) • Operational Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) • Ocean component of NOAA’s operational Coupled Forecast System (CFS) • Near-global 1.0-degree resolution • Increased resolution (1/3-degree) between 10°S – 10°N • Forcing: NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) • Sahaet al., 2010 • Daily fluxes • Model runs are for 2012-2013 only • Period of overlapping Aquarius and SMOS data • All runs were initiated from the same initial conditions • Relaxed to daily satellite sea-surface temperature (SST) fields. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  42. Modeled Cases CONTROL • CTRL30:NODC World Ocean Atlas (WOA) monthly climatological SSS, relaxation = 30 days • Current operational configuration • CTRL10: NODC World Ocean Atlas (WOA) monthly climatological SSS, relaxation = 10 days SMOS • SMOS30: SMOS SSS, 1/4° resolution, 3-day averages (SMOS-BEC), relaxation = 30 days • SMOS10: SMOS SSS, 1/4° resolution, 3-day averages (SMOS-BEC), relaxation = 10 days Aquarius • AQ30:Aquarius V.2 daily SSS, 1° resolution (NASA/JPL PO.DAAC), relaxation = 30 days • AQ10: Aquarius V.2 daily SSS, 1° resolution (NASA/JPL PO.DAAC), relaxation = 10 days • Satellite data gaps, e.g., radio frequency interference (RFI) areas, are filled with World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 2009 monthly mean values. • All runs began from the same initial conditions. • Model forcing: CFSR daily fluxes NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  43. ValidationReference = Satellite Salinity Observations AQ10 RMSE; reference = AQRS SMOS10 RMSE; reference = SMOS (a) (b) Salinity RMSE (psu) Model seems to better assimilate the Aquarius data. NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  44. ImprovementNear-real-time Observations versus Climatology AQ10 – CTRL10; ref = AQRS obs SMOS10 – CTRL10; ref = SMOS obs (a) (b) Salinity RMSE (psu) Blue = Reduction in RMS errors NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  45. Validation: Altimetry SMOS10 – CTRL10 AQRS10 – CTRL10 AQRS10 – SMOS10 Normalized RMSE difference (%); reference = satellite sea-surface height anomalies SMOS10 – CTRL10 AQRS10 – CTRL10 AQRS10 – SMOS10 RMSE difference (cm); reference = satellite sea-surface height anomalies NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  46. Satellite SSS vs Climatology: 30-day RelaxationAverage and RMS Temperature Differences AQ30 – CTRL30 SMOS30 – CTRL30 Average Difference Average Difference Temperature Difference (°C) RMS Difference RMS Difference Red line indicates the average depth of the 20C isotherm NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  47. Satellite SSS vs Climatology: 30-day RelaxationAverage and RMS Salinity Differences AQ30 – CTRL30 SMOS30 – CTRL30 Average Difference Average Difference Salinity Difference (psu) RMS Difference RMS Difference Red line indicates the average depth of the 20C isotherm NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  48. SSS Constraint: 10-day vs 30-day RelaxationAverage and RMS Temperature Differences AQ10 – CTRL30 SMOS10 – CTRL30 Average Difference Average Difference Temperature Difference (°C) RMS Difference RMS Difference Red line indicates the average depth of the 20C isotherm NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  49. SSS Constraint: 10-day vs 30-day Relaxation Average and RMS Salinity Difference AQ10 – CTRL30 SMOS10 – CTRL30 Average Difference Average Difference Salinity Difference (psu) RMS Difference RMS Difference Red line indicates the average depth of the 20C isotherm NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

  50. SSS Data vs Relaxation PeriodAverage and RMS Temperature Differences AQ10 – CTRL10 SMOS10 – CTRL10 Average Difference Average Difference Temperature Difference (°C) RMS Difference RMS Difference Red line indicates the average depth of the 20C isotherm NOAA SSS Science Team Meeting - FY14 Q2

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